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"Marche Henri IV", alternatively "Vive Henri IV" or "Vive le roi Henri", is a popular French song celebrating King Henry IV of France (also known as Le Bon Roi Henri, "Good King Henry"). The melody was heard of as early as 1581, when it was mentioned in the book of Christmas songs of Christophle de Bordeaux, under the name "Chant de la Cassandre".[1] It was a de facto anthem of the post-Restoration Kingdom of France (the kingdom did not have an official anthem).[2]
| English: Long live Henry IV | |
|---|---|
 | |
Royal and national anthem of Kingdom of France | |
| Adopted | 1590 |
| Readopted | 1814 |
| Relinquished | 1792, 1830 |
| Succeeded by | "Chant de guerre pour l'Armée du Rhin" (1792) "La Parisienne" (1830) |
| Audio sample | |
Digital instrumental rendition in D minor | |
Thoinot Arbeau, in his Orchesographie (1589) gives us a music score of the air as the "Branle Couppé Cassandre".[3] The air was adapted around 1600, presumably by Eustache du Caurroy, to fit new lyrics celebrating the then King of France. Three other verses were written for a comedy opera by Charles Collé in 1770, called La partie de chasse de Henri IV.[4] At later dates, more lyrics were added to the song.[5] The song refers to the first Bourbon King of France, Henry IV (Henry III of Navarre), who had ended the Wars of Religion and restored peace to France (hence his sobriquet).
During the French Revolution, the original lyrics were used to support the royalist cause. For instance, during the early Revolution, before the turn to republicanism (1789–1791), the anthem was renamed Vive Louis XVI (Long live Louis XVI). The lyrics were used by constitutional monarchists to give praise to monarchy during the times of political crisis.[6][7]
The anthem was also used with yet another set of lyrics during the Bourbon Restoration period (1814–1830), under the name Le Retour des Princes français à Paris.
Lyrics
edit| French original | English translation |
|---|---|
I |
I |
In other works
edit- Marche Henri IV was a common leitmotif for French royalty in several 19th-century works, such as in Gioachino Rossini's opera Il viaggio a Reims (in the finale, when Charles X is crowned) and in the final march in Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's ballet The Sleeping Beauty (and the same march is recalled in the final scene of Sleeping Beauty by Walt Disney, since it includes arrangements and adaptations from the ballet).
- It was set for piano solo by Franz Liszt in c. 1870-80 (S. 239).
- It is mentioned as one of the tunes played in Russia after the defeat of Napoleon in "The Blizzard" by Alexander Pushkin.
- The anthem is also mentioned in Leo Tolstoy's novel War and Peace, and actually performed by French prisoners in the Russian film production of the same name.
- In Les Misérables, Victor Hugo has the character of Grantaire sing alternate Dionysian lyrics to the tune to rile his fellow student insurrectionists.[8]
- It is used in the soundtrack for the television series Turn: Washington's Spies, when introducing a scene involving French military forces.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ NOELZ NOV || VEAVX, et deuots Can- || tiques à l'honneur de la na- || tiuité de nostre Seigneur Iesus Christ, faicts || & composez par Christophle de Bordeaux || Parisien, pour l'annee mil cinq cens quatre || vingts || & vn. || A Paris, || Par Nicolas Bonfons, ruë neuue nostre || Dame, a l'enseigne S. Nicolas. — Fin. || Christophle de Bordeaux. S. d. [1580], in-8 de 8 f. non chiffr., sign. A-B par 4, mar. r., fil., dos orné, tr. dor. (Trautz-Bauzonnet.).
- ^ Paul F. Rice (2010). British Music and the French Revolution. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 134. ISBN 9781443821803.
- ^ Arbeau, Thoinot (1520-1595) Auteur du texte (1589). Orchesographie. Et traicte en forme de dialogue, par lequel toutes personnes peuvent facilement apprendre & practiquer l'honneste exercice des dances . Par Thoinot Arbeau demeurant a Lengres.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "Vive Henri IV!", accessed 2017-12-10, http://www.henri-iv.culture.fr/medias/en/pdf/0/756_10.pdf
- ^ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: ♫ 1590 - Royal Anthem - Long Live Henry IV ♪. YouTube.
- ^ Vie du roi Louis XVI. 1790. p. 58.
- ^ Mason, Laura (5 September 2018). Singing the French Revolution: Popular Culture and Politics, 1787–1799. Cornell University Press. p. 56. ISBN 978-0-8014-3233-0. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
- ^ Hugo, Victor. "Les Misérables". www.gutenberg.org. Translated by Isabel Hapgood. Retrieved 2024-05-06.
A rover, a gambler, a libertine, often drunk, [Grantaire] displeased these young dreamers by humming incessantly: 'J'aimons les filles, et j'aimons le bon vin.' Air: Vive Henri IV. (3.4.1)