Margaret Mary Damer Dawson OBE (12 June 1873 – 18 May 1920)[1] was an English animal rights activist, anti-vivisectionist and philanthropist who co-founded the first British Women's Police Service.[2][3]
Margaret Damer Dawson | |
|---|---|
 Margaret Damer Dawson in her Women Police Service uniform (circa 1917) | |
| Born | 12 June 1873 Burgess Hill, West Sussex, England |
| Died | 18 May 1920 (aged 46) |
| Alma mater | London Academy of Music |
| Title | Officer of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire |
| Relatives | Thomas de Grey, 6th Baron Walsingham (step-father) |
Early life
editMargaret Dawson was born on 12 June 1873 to a wealthy family in Burgess Hill and grew up in Hove. After her father, Richard Dawson, died her mother remarried, becoming Lady Walsingham.[4] Her step-father was Thomas de Grey, 6th Baron Walsingham. Dawson had a private income and studied music with the Austrian pianist Benno Schoenberger at the London Academy of Music. She became involved in anti-vivisection and other causes and founded a home for foundlings. She was awarded silver medals by Finland and Denmark for her campaigning work for animal rights.[5]
Career
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Dawson was honorary secretary of the International Anti-Vivisection Council founded in 1908 by Lizzy Lind af Hageby, and together they organised the International Anti-Vivisection and Animal Protection Congress in London in July 1909. As Honorary Organising Secretary of the Animal Defence and Anti-Vivisection Society. The organisation campaigned against cruelty and the socially acceptable circus performing animals and the slaughter of animals for meat. In 1911 she was living with prominent ant-vivisectionist Lizzy Lind af Hageby.[citation needed]
In 1914 she and Nina Boyle founded the Women Police Volunteers (WPV), but a year later the pair split due to disagreements over the organisation's role. Dawson founded and led a new organisation, the Women's Police Service (renamed the Women's Auxiliary Service after the First World War), though Boyle's WPV continued some patrols. Dawson and her second-in-command, Mary Sophia Allen, were both awarded an Order of the British Empire in 1918.[7] Dawson and Allen had lived together during the first World War, having a close professional and personal relationship.[8]
Dawson was also asked to advise the Baird Commission when it looked at the role women in policing. She and many of her followers had been excluded from being on the Baird Commission on the advice of the Police Commissioner who disliked lesbians and in particular Dawson.[7] Dawson thought that the women's police force should be entirely separate from the male service, but her view did not prevail.[citation needed]
Death and legacy
editDawson died unexpectantly of a heart attack on 18 May 1920.[9] Her leadership role was taken over by Allen, who had been Dawson's assistant for many years. Allen also inherited Dawson's house and most of her money.[5]
Dawson was buried in Lympne on 22 May 1920 after a funeral attended by other women police officers.[6] A memorial was erected in the corner of Lympne churchyard. Her finances had dwindled as she had spent money on the voluntary police service.[7]
Commemorations
editDawson's house at 10 Cheyne Walk has a plaque to commemorate her.[10] A bird bath, installed in Cheyne Walk, was organised by Miss St John Partridge and designed by Charles Pibworth It has since been restored and incorporates a quote from Rime of the Ancient Mariner "He prayeth best who lovest best all things great and small".[6]
References
edit- ^ Doughan, David (2004). "Dawson, Margaret Mary Damer (1873–1920), a founder of the Women's Police Service". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/45544. ISBN 978-0-19-861412-8. Retrieved 16 May 2021. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ Mary S. Allen (1925) The Pioneer Policewoman, London:Chatto and Windus, p.135
- ^ The Policewoman's Review, VII, 8 December 1933
- ^ Visitation of England and Wales, Volume 19, Page 329
- ^ a b "Nina Boyle". Spartacus Educational. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
- ^ a b c The Newly Restored Bird Bath Memorial near the Thomas Carlyle Statue, Hilda Kean, hildakean.com
- ^ a b c Boyd, Nina (2013). From Suffragette to Fascist the Many Lives of Mary Sophia Allen. Stroud: The History Press. p. contents. ISBN 978-0752492780. Retrieved 20 July 2014.
- ^ Suffragette, fascist, policewoman and spy? Huddersfield author's book on women's right pioneer Mary Sophia Allen, Hilarie Stelfox, June 2013, Huddersfield Examiner,retrieved 20 July 2014
- ^ Doan, Laurs (3 January 2001). Fashioning Sapphism: The Origins of a Modern English Lesbian Culture. Columbia University Press. p. 42 and 225. ISBN 0231533837. Retrieved 19 July 2014.
- ^ Damer Dawson's plaque Archived 2014-07-25 at the Wayback Machine, LondonRemembers.com, retrieved 20 July 2014
Further reading
edit- Allen, Mary S. (1936) Lady in Blue, London: Stanley Paul
External links
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Media related to Margaret Damer Dawson at Wikimedia Commons