Margolies is a surname that, like its variants shown below, is derived from the Ashkenazi Hebrew pronunciation of the Hebrew word מרגליות (Israeli Hebrew [maʁɡali'jot]), meaning 'pearls'. Notable people with the surname include:
- Marjorie Margolies-Mezvinsky (born 1942), American politician from Philadelphia.
- Moses S. Margolies (1851–1936), Russian-born American Orthodox rabbi.
- Rob Margolies (born 1983), American film director and screenwriter
- Reuvein Margolies (1889–1971), Israeli author and Talmudic scholar.