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Maria Schneider (actress)

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Maria-Hélène Schneider (27 March 1952 – 3 February 2011), known professionally as Maria Schneider, was a French actress.

Maria Schneider
Schneider at the Festival Créteil Films de Femmes in 2001
Born
Maria-Hélène Schneider

(1952-03-27)27 March 1952
Paris, France
Died3 February 2011(2011-02-03) (aged 58)
Paris, France
NationalityFrench
OccupationActress
Years active1969–2008
PartnerMaria Pia Almadio
Parent(s)Daniel Gélin (deceased)
Marie-Christine Schneider
RelativesXavier Gélin (half-brother; deceased)
Fiona Gélin (half-sister)
Manuel Gélin (half-brother)
Michel Schneider (uncle; deceased)
Vanessa Schneider (cousin)

She is best known for co-starring opposite Marlon Brando in the controversial Last Tango in Paris (1972), which was noted for its graphic sexuality. Schneider later revealed she was not informed about a simulated rape until moments before it was filmed, an event she described as traumatic and humiliating. Although Michelangelo Antonioni's The Passenger (1975) showcased her abilities, a reputation for walking out of films during production resulted in her becoming unwelcome in the industry. However, she re-established stability in her personal and professional life in the early 1980s, and became an advocate for equality and improving the conditions actresses worked under. She continued acting in film and TV until a few years before she died in 2011 after a long illness.

Early life and family

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Schneider was born in Paris to Daniel Gélin, a French actor, and Marie-Christine Schneider from Romania, a model who ran a bookshop in Paris.[1] Gélin was married to actress and producer Danièle Delorme during the affair and his lack of fatherly involvement was deeply felt by his daughter.[2] Gélin never recognised Schneider as his daughter,[3] though he publicly acknowledged his paternity in the 1970s. Schneider was first brought up by her mother in a town near the French border with Germany. Eventually, her mother was unwilling to attend to her and entrusted her to a nurse for two years. Maria Schneider later lived for several years with her maternal uncle Michel Schneider and his wife. She reconnected with her biological father when she was sixteen, by visiting him unannounced.[4]

Schneider later said that she had met Gélin only "three times".[5] Her cousin Vanessa Schneider wrote, in a biographical book published in 2018, that Maria Schneider had actually been in regular contact with her father during her late teens. It was he who first brought her to a film set. Over the years, Maria Schneider and her biological father met irregularly. She eventually bonded with her half-siblings (who had been unaware of her until after she starred in Last Tango in Paris), especially her half-sister Fiona Gélin.[4] Her half-brother Xavier Gélin was also an actor.

Acting career

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Early years

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As a teenager, Schneider loved films, going to the cinema up to four times a week. She left home at age 15 after an argument with her mother and went to Paris, where she made her stage-acting debut that same year.[5] She eked out a living as a film extra and a model.[6] While working on a film set, she met Brigitte Bardot, who having worked with her father on several productions (a father who refused to help his daughter), was "horrified" that the young actress was homeless and offered her a room in her house.[6][7] Through Bardot, Schneider met people in the film business, including Warren Beatty, who was greatly impressed by Schneider, and introduced her to the William Morris Agency.[7] She was 18 when she had her first break in 1970, appearing in Madly, starring Alain Delon.[8] This was followed by relatively substantial roles in films such as Roger Vadim's Hellé (1972); The Old Maid (La Vieille Fille) (1972) with Philippe Noiret; Dear Parents (Cari genitori) (1973) opposite Florinda Bolkan and Catherine Spaak; and Dance of Love (1973), based on a play by Arthur Schnitzler. (The latter film is also known as Merry-Go-Round, which is distinct from Schneider's 1981 film of the same name directed by Jacques Rivette.)

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Schneider gained international renown for her performance at the age of 19 in the sexually explicit Last Tango in Paris (1972), directed by Bernardo Bertolucci. In a graphic portrayal of anonymous sex with an older man, she performed several nude scenes, including a rape scene that Bertolucci did not reveal to her until just before the filming of it. In 2007, she said:

I should have called my agent or had my lawyer come to the set because you can't force someone to do something that isn't in the script, but at the time, I didn't know that. Marlon said to me: 'Maria, don't worry, it's just a movie,' but during the scene, even though what Marlon was doing wasn't real, I was crying real tears. I felt humiliated and to be honest, I felt a little raped, both by Marlon and by Bertolucci. After the scene, Marlon didn't console me or apologise. Thankfully, there was just one take.[9]

In 2013, Bertolucci said he had withheld the information from her to generate a real "reaction of frustration and rage".[10] Brando alleged that Bertolucci had wanted the characters to have real sex, but Brando and Schneider both said it was simulated.[11] Actress Jessica Tovey, writing in The Guardian, argued that Bertolucci's defense of pursuing an artistic vision was "bogus" and that what occurred was "a violation."[12] Tovey also observed that it is difficult to imagine the "roles being reversed; Brando being brutalized only to discover midway through filming that Schneider and Bertolucci had conspired to add an element of humiliation."[12]

In 2001, Schneider commented:

Last Tango ... first major role. In fact, it's a total coincidence. I was friends with Dominique Sanda. She would make the film with Jean-Louis Trintignant, but she was pregnant. She had a large picture with her of both of us. Bertolucci saw it. He made me do a casting ... I regretted my choice since the beginning of my career would have been sweeter, quieter. For Tango, I was not prepared. People have identified with a character that was not me. Butter, about saucy old pigs ... Even Marlon with his charisma and class, felt a bit violated, exploited a little in this film. He rejected it for years. And me, I felt it doubly.[13][14]

In the 1970s, criminal proceedings were brought against Bertolucci in Italy for obscenity; the film was sequestered by the censorship commission and all copies were ordered destroyed. An Italian court revoked Bertolucci's civil rights for five years and gave him a four-month suspended prison sentence. In 1978 the Appeals Court of Bologna ordered three copies of the film to be preserved in the national film library with the stipulation that they could not be viewed, until Bertolucci was later able to re-submit it for general distribution with no cuts.[15][9][16][17]

Schneider said that due to her experience with the film – and her treatment afterward as a sex symbol rather than as a serious actress – she decided never to work nude again. She started struggling with depression, became a drug addict and made several suicide attempts.[18][19]

She later became a women's rights advocate, in particular fighting for more female film directors, more respect for female actors, and better representation of women in film and media.

I'm still struggling for the image of women in film and I'm still working, not as much as I would like to because for a woman in her late forties, it's hard to find work. Not only in France. I had a chat with Anjelica Huston last year. We spoke about the same problem, you know. I don't know where it comes from? The writers, the producers, or the directors. But I think it's a pity even for the public. We get a response to see a mature woman in film. We see many, many macho men in film. An actress like Meryl Streep doesn't work as much as Bob De Niro.[20]

1970s, post-Last Tango

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In 1975, Schneider was cast opposite Jack Nicholson in the well-received Michelangelo Antonioni film The Passenger, which remains one of the highlights of her career,[21] and was the personal favorite of the actress.[7] That same year, Schneider also starred in René Clément's final movie, the Hitchcockian thriller Wanted: Babysitter, in which, according to Schneider, the director actually wanted the actress for the villainous role; yet, when Antonioni screened The Passenger for him, Clément decided that Schneider would be ideal for the heroine.[22] The picture, produced by Carlo Ponti (as with The Passenger and Dear Parents) and also featuring Robert Vaughn, Vic Morrow, and Sydne Rome, went largely unnoticed by the public and critics alike.[citation needed]

During the 1970s, Schneider traveled (including to the Hopi Reservation and Navajo Nation[7]) and lived in various parts of Europe, including Venice, Paris, and London.[22] After The Passenger and Wanted: Babysitter, Schneider settled in Los Angeles for a year, looking around for film opportunities and being offered roles in Hollywood movies such as Black Sunday (1977) as a Palestinian guerilla terrorist, which she turned down based on what she perceived to be poor quality material.[22] She signed up with renowned talent agent and producer Paul Kohner,[22] and several movies were considered, but ultimately little came of this. Work became difficult for her to find, as she had become uninsurable.[7][22]

Moving back to Europe, Schneider was asked by director Tinto Brass to play Drusilla, the incestuous sister of a notorious Roman emperor, opposite A Clockwork Orange star Malcolm McDowell, in the infamous, pornographic, multi-million dollar Penthouse production of Caligula; Schneider refused to perform nude or do graphic sex scenes,[23] and was replaced mid-production with Teresa Ann Savoy, who had appeared in the director's previous film Salon Kitty.

 
 
Film recordings A woman like Eva, 1978

Around the same time, Schneider agreed to star in Luis Buñuel's That Obscure Object of Desire (1977), and showed up on set, yet argued with the filmmaker over how her role would be portrayed in light of Schneider's growing concern regarding the depiction of women in cinema [citation needed], and because of excessive nudity.[24] Schneider ultimately dropped out, and Buñuel made the creative, unusual decision to replace her with not one but two actresses for the same role: Carole Bouquet and Ángela Molina.[24] Schneider was also asked by Bertolucci to appear in his 1976 film 1900, but either turned him down or was fired.[25] She was asked to play Mary, mother of Jesus in Franco Zeffirelli's 1979 television miniseries Jesus of Nazareth; Schneider said she did not feel right for the part, though later regretted missing out on this opportunity,[26] and instead eventually appeared in Zeffirelli's 1996 film Jane Eyre in a brief appearance as Bertha Mason.[13]

For the rest of the 1970s, Schneider opted to star in small-budgeted, independent European productions, such as the little-seen Swiss period piece Violanta (1976, with a young Gérard Depardieu), and three consciously feministic works: the Italian production I Belong to Me (Io Sono Mia) (1978, with Stefania Sandrelli); the graphic, disturbing Memoirs of a French Whore (French title: La Dérobade) (1978, alongside Miou-Miou, and for which Schneider was nominated for Best Supporting Actress at the 1980 5th César Awards); and the lesbian Dutch drama A Woman Like Eve, directed by Nouchka van Brakel, where Schneider plays the bohemian love interest of conflicted Monique van de Ven who is married to and has children with Peter Faber.

Towards the end of the decade, famed arthouse director Jacques Rivette met Schneider at a cafe on the Champs-Elysées and asked her what kind of movie she'd like to make with him, to which Schneider replied "a thriller"; Rivette then asked which actor she'd like to star opposite, and she suggested her friend Joe Dallesandro, renowned for his association with Andy Warhol and leading performances in Paul Morrissey's films.[13] The result was the vague, symbolic crime drama Merry-Go-Round, a troubled production that Schneider and Rivette, both overcome by ill health and personal issues,[27] eventually completed, and was finally released in 1981 to mediocre reviews.[28]

The 1980s

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The 1980s were a much quieter period for Schneider, both personally and professionally. Following issues with multiple drug addictions (including cocaine, LSD, and heroin[18]) and a suicide attempt in the '70s[18] (in the looming shadow of Last Tango in Paris, which friend and one-time girlfriend of Marlon Brando, Esther Anderson, said "ruined [Maria's] life"[29]), Schneider once and for all overcame these problems by the early '80s - which she accredited to her "angel", which may have been life-partner Maria Pia Almadio (or, according to some sources, Crapanzano)[citation needed]. The beginning of the decade saw the actress appearing in a campy Belgian vampire comedy with Louise Fletcher, Mama Dracula (1980), which received universally negative reviews from critics.[citation needed] The same year, she performed alongside Klaus Kinski in the French thriller Hate (Haine).

Schneider starred in Peacetime in Paris in 1981, a Yugoslavian picture set in the French capital, which follows a documentarian researching the history of Nazism in Paris; there he meets and falls in love with Schneider's mysterious character, who helps him out on his quest. The picture won a Special Prize at the 12th Moscow International Film Festival, and also featured Schneider's father, Daniel Gélin, in a supporting role as a taxi driver (none of his scenes, however, are shared with Maria.).

In 1982, she offered performances in two comedies, the Italian Looking for Jesus (Cercasi Gesù), with Fernando Rey, and the French Stray Bullets (Balles perdues). Starting from 1984, Schneider began appearing more regularly in European television movies and shows, such as 1985's A Song for Europe (or A Crime of Honour) with a young David Suchet of Agatha Christie's Poirot fame, while doing supporting roles in cinematic turns like the Japanese production of The Princess & the Photographer (1984).

Towards the end of the 1980s, Schneider had substantial roles in the French thriller Résidence surveillée (1987) and the post-apocalyptic surrealistic comedy Bunker Palace Hôtel (1989) with three other legends of French cinema: Jean-Louis Trintignant, Carole Bouquet, and Jean-Pierre Léaud (the latter of which was Schneider's obsessive filmmaker fiancé in Last Tango in Paris.)

Personal life

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In 1973, Schneider came out as bisexual.[30][31] She told The New York Times in February 1973:

I left my mother's home when I was 15, and I had my first affair at 16—we did everything, but not penetration. Now I'm bisexual completely, and I've had quite a few lovers for my age. More men than women. Probably 50 men and 20 women. I'm incapable of fidelity; have a need for a million experiences. Women I love more for beauty than for sex. Men I love for grace and intelligence.[32]

In early 1976, she abandoned the film set of Caligula (reportedly due to its pornographic content, saying "I am an actress, not a prostitute!") and checked herself into a mental hospital in Rome for several days to be with her lover, photographer Joan Townsend.[33][34] This, coupled with her refusal to perform nude, led to Schneider's dismissal from the film. The 1970s were turbulent years for Schneider, marked by drug addiction, overdoses, and a suicide attempt. Schneider said that she disliked the instant fame accorded to her from Last Tango in Paris. She suffered abuse and began taking drugs.[35]

I was rock 'n' roll. About drugs, we did not know at the time, it was so dangerous. There was an ideal, to change society and especially a thirst for novelty ... I have lost seven years of my life and I regret it bitterly ... I started using drugs when I became famous. I did not like the celebrity, and especially the image full of innuendo, naughty, that people had of me after Last Tango. In addition, I had no family behind me, who protect you ... I suffered abuse. People who come up to tell you unpleasant things on planes. I was tracked down, and I felt hounded.[13][14]

Death

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Schneider died of cancer on 3 February 2011 at age 58.[36][37] Her funeral was held on 10 February 2011 at the Church of Saint-Roch, Paris, attended by actors, directors, and producers in French cinema such as Dominique Besnehard, Bertrand Blier, Christine Boisson, Claudia Cardinale, Alain Delon, and Andréa Ferreol, her partner Maria Pia Almadio, half-siblings Fiona and Manuel Gélin, and her uncle Georges Schneider. Delon read a tribute from Brigitte Bardot.[38][39] Schneider was cremated afterwards at Père Lachaise crematorium, and her ashes were to be scattered at sea at the foot of the Rock of the Virgin in Biarritz, according to her last wishes.[40][41][42]

Legacy and honours

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In 2001, Schneider was the guest of honor at the 23rd Festival Créteil Films de Femmes.[14] In a master class at the festival, she called film "a tracing of memory", and said that women must be recognized as actors and directors. She also brought attention to the importance of assisting senior French actors who become unemployed and impoverished. Schneider was chosen the same year as vice-president of La Roue Tourne [fr], an organization in Paris that supports senior French actors and directors.[43] According to Schneider, Marcel Carné, director of Children of Paradise (1945) and one of the most important directors of the late 1930s, would have died in poverty but for La Roue Tourne supporting him for the last 10 years of his life.

On 1 July 2010, Schneider was awarded the medal of Chevalier, Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, for her contributions to the arts by Minister of Culture and Communication, Frédéric Mitterrand. He had acted with her in Jacques Rivette's film, Merry-Go-Round (1981).

After Schneider's death, Patti Smith released a song on her 2012 album Banga called "Maria", which was dedicated both to the actress and nostalgic memories of the 1970s.

In 2018, her cousin Vanessa Schneider published Tu t'appelais Maria Schneider, a book about her.[44][45]

In 2024, her life story was adapted into the film Being Maria.[46]

Filmography

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Films

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Film
Year Title English Translation/
Also Known As 		Role Language Notes
1969 L'Arbre de Noël The Christmas Tree French Uncredited
Les Femmes French Uncredited
1970 Madly La jeune acheteuse French
1971 Les jambes en l'air César Grandblaise Sarah Grandblaise French
1972 La Vieille Fille The Old Maid Mome French, German
Hellé Nicole Nicole French
What a Flash! French
Ultimo tango a Parigi Last Tango in Paris Jeanne French, English
1973 Reigen [de] Merry-Go-Round Das süße Mädel German
Cari genitori Dear Parents Antonia Italian, English
1975 Professione: reporter The Passenger The Girl English, German, Spanish
La Baby-Sitter The Babysitter
The Raw Edge
Scar Tissue
Wanted: Babysitter 		Michèle English
1977 Violanta Laura French
1978 Voyage au jardin des morts Hypolyte French
Io sono mia I Belong to Me Suna Spanish
1979 Een vrouw als Eva A Woman Like Eve Liliane Dutch
La Dérobade The Getaway
The Life
Memoirs of a French Whore 		Maloup French
1980 Haine Hate Madeleine French
Mama Dracula Mother Dracula Nancy Hawaii French, English
Weiße Reise White Travel German
1981 Une saison de paix à Paris Peacetime in Paris
Sezona mira u Parizu 		Elen French, Serbian
Merry-Go-Round Leo English
La chanson du mal aimé French
1982 Cercasi Gesù Looking for Jesus
L'imposteur 		Francesca Italian
Balles perdues Stray Bullets Véra French
1984 Princess & the Photographer Yoroppa tokkyu English, Japanese
1987 Résidence surveillée Céline Fontaine French
1989 Bunker Palace Hôtel Muriel
1991 The Conviction Gitana
Écrans de Sable Sand Screens Sarah French
1992 Au pays des Juliets In the Country of Juliets Raissa
Les Nuits fauves Savage Nights Noria French
1996 Jane Eyre Bertha English
1998 Something to Believe In Maria Faccino English
2000 Les Acteurs The Actors Herself French
2002 La Repentie The Repentant Charlotte's sister French
2004 Au large de Bad Ragaz Anna
2006 Perds pas la boule! Thelda French Short
Quale amore Marie Italian
2007 La Vie d'artiste The Life of the Artist L'épouse de Joseph Costals French Cameo appearance
La clef The Key Solange French
2008 Cliente Client
A French Gigolo 		Marie-Hélène French (final film role)

TV series

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Television
Year Title English Translation/
Also Known As 		Role Notes
1984 Buio nella valle TV miniseries
1985 A Song for Europe A Crime of Honour TV film
1987 Résidence surveillée
L'or noir de Lornac TV series
1988 Silvia è sola TV film
1993 Contrôle d'identité TV film
1995 Navarro Samira TV series
Episode: "L'ombre d'un père"
1998 Angelo nero TV film
Il cuore e la spada Queen Maga of Ireland TV film
2004 Maigret TV series
2008 A.D. La guerre de l'ombre TV miniseries

References

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  1. ^ Klemesrud, Judy (4 February 1973). "Maria Says Her 'Tango' Is Not; Movies". The New York Times. Retrieved 12 May 2010.
  2. ^ Thomson, David. A Biographical Dictionary of Film. Andre Deutsch.
  3. ^ "L'actrice française Maria Schneider est décédée", Ozap
  4. ^ a b Vanessa Schneider, Tu t'appelais Maria Schneider, Grasset, 2018, pp. 29-31, 186-188, 191-192
  5. ^ a b https://movies.yahoo.com/person/maria-schneider/biography.html "Maria Schneider" Archived 8 July 2012 at the Wayback Machine, Movies, Yahoo
  6. ^ a b Grimes, William (3 February 2011). "Maria Schneider, Actress in 'Last Tango,' Dies at 58". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
  7. ^ a b c d e "Downhill ride for Maria after her tango with Brando". The Daily Telegraph. 22 June 2006. Retrieved 17 May 2020 – via The Sydney Morning Herald.
  8. ^ "Maria Schneider". The Telegraph. 3 February 2011. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
  9. ^ a b Malkin, Bonnie (4 December 2016). "Last Tango in Paris director suggests Maria Schneider 'butter rape' scene not consensual". The Guardian. London, England. Retrieved 4 December 2016.
  10. ^ Macnab, Geoffrey (1 February 2013). "Bernardo Bertolucci:'I thought I couldn't make any more movies'". The Guardian. London, England. Retrieved 16 February 2013.
  11. ^ Izadi, Elahe (5 December 2016). "Why the 'Last Tango in Paris' rape scene is generating such an outcry now". The Washington Post. Washington DC: Nash Holdings LLC. Retrieved 29 July 2018.
  12. ^ a b Tovey, Jessica (9 December 2016). "Bertolucci's justification for the Last Tango rape scene is bogus. It's called 'acting' for a reason". The Guardian. London, England. Retrieved 9 December 2016.
  13. ^ a b c d Moira Sullivan, "Maria Schneider: Forget Last Tango" (Translation of "Autoportrait: Maria Schneider: Belle et Rebelle"), Jackie Buet, Elizabeth Jenny, Créteil Films de Femmes, 2001.
  14. ^ a b c Buet, Jackie; Jenny, Elizabeth (2001). "Autoportrait: Maria Schneider: Belle et Rebelle". Créteil Films de Femmes. Archived from the original on 28 September 2011.
  15. ^ Rashkin, Esther (2008). Unspeakable Secrets and the Psychoanalysis of Culture. Albany, New York: SUNY Press. p. 224. ISBN 978-0-7914-7534-8. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  16. ^ Anderson, Ariston (3 December 2016). "Hollywood Reacts With Disgust, Outrage Over 'Last Tango in Paris' Director's Resurfaced Rape Scene Confession". The Hollywood Reporter. Los Angeles, California: Eldridge Industries. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
  17. ^ Kelley, Seth (3 December 2016). "'Last Tango in Paris' Rape Scene Was Not Consensual, Director Admits". Variety. Los Angeles, California: Penske Media Corporation. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
  18. ^ a b c McLellan, Dennis (4 February 2011). "Maria Schneider dies at 58; actress in 'Last Tango in Paris'". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  19. ^ Fonseca, Mariana (4 December 2016). "Maria Schneider already called the Last Tango in Paris scene rape – why did we only listen when Bernardo Bertolucci admitted it?". The Independent. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
  20. ^ Sullivan, Moira (4 April 2001). "Interview with Maria Schneider Honored at the 23rd Créteil Films de Femmes International Film Festival". shoestring.org.
  21. ^ Gleiberman, Owen (5 February 2011). "Maria Schneider in 'Last Tango in Paris': Farewell to an Art Film Baby Doll". Entertainment Weekly. New York City: Meredith Corporation.
  22. ^ a b c d e Ebert, Roger (14 September 1975). "Interview with Maria Schneider". RogerEbert.com. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
  23. ^ Saperstein, Pat (3 February 2011). "'Last Tango in Paris' Star Maria Schneider Dies". Variety. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
  24. ^ a b Bergan, Ronald (3 February 2011). "Maria Schneider obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
  25. ^ Sullivan, Moira (7 December 2016). "Last Tango in Paris: in Maria Schneider's Words". AgnesFilms.com. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
  26. ^ Vallance, Tom (5 February 2011). "Maria Schneider: Actress best known for starring opposite Marlon Brando in the controversial film 'Last Tango in Paris'". The Independent. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
  27. ^ Wiles, Mary Margaret (2012). Jacques Rivette (Contemporary Film Directors). University of Illinois Press. p. 144. ISBN 978-0-252-07834-7.
  28. ^ Wiles 2012, pp. 64, 155.
  29. ^ Hussey, Megan (7 December 2016). "'That film ruined her life': Justice for Maria Schneider". Medium.com. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
  30. ^ Hadleigh, Boze (2001), The Lavender Screen: The Gay and Lesbian Films, Citadel Press, p. 81, ISBN 0-8065-2199-6
  31. ^ Abrams, Richard M. (2006), America Transformed: Sixty Years of Revolutionary Change, 1941–2001, Cambridge University Press, pp. 165–6, ISBN 0-521-86246-9
  32. ^ Klemesrud, Judy (4 February 1973). "Maria Says Her 'Tango' Is Not". The New York Times. p. D13. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
  33. ^ Ebert, Roger (14 September 1975). "Interview with Maria Schneider". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on 13 October 2006. Retrieved 21 April 2007.
  34. ^ Maria Schneider Pt. 3: Memoirs of a French Whore, A Woman Like Eve Alt Film Guide, 3 February 2011.
  35. ^ "Main Bleue 111". Philippeheurtault.fr. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
  36. ^ Maria Schneider obituary The Guardian, 3 February 2011.
  37. ^ Moira Sullivan,Tribute to Maria SchneiderSenses of Cinema, 14 March 2011.
  38. ^ Obsèques de Maria Schneider: L'hommage de Brigitte Bardot et Alain Delon Pure People 10 February 2011.
  39. ^ Bagnaud, François. "Brigitte Bardot rend hommage à Maria Schneider – Actualités de Brigitte Bardot". Archived from the original on 22 March 2012. Retrieved 9 April 2011.
  40. ^ Mort de Maria Schneider : Son dernier adieu Pure People, 2011-025-07.
  41. ^ María Schneider; sin tangos pero con emoción en París Prensa Latina 10 February 2011.
  42. ^ Regardez l’adieu bouleversant à l’actrice disparue Archived 14 February 2011 at the Wayback Machine Gala Magazine 10 February 2011.
  43. ^ "redirection".
  44. ^ "Maria Schneider : derrière l'actrice magnifique, une vie tourmentée". Les Inrockuptibles. 10 August 2018. Retrieved 19 August 2018.
  45. ^ Krug, Nora (16 April 2023). "Why Molly Ringwald translated an infamous story of film exploitation". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 16 April 2023. Retrieved 16 April 2022.
  46. ^ "'Being Maria': Anamaria Vartolomei and Matt Dillon on 'Challenge' of Embodying Maria Schneider and Marlon Brando in Upcoming Biopic (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. 15 January 2024.
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