Wikipedia

Markarian 463

Markarian 463 (Mrk 463) known as UGC 8850, is a galaxy merger located in the constellation Boötes. It is located 706 million light years from Earth.[1] It is classified a double nucleus Seyfert galaxy.[2][3]

Markarian 463
Mrk 463 by SDSS
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
ConstellationBoötes
Right ascension13h 56m 02.87s
Declination+18° 22′ 19.48″
Redshift0.050802
Heliocentric radial velocity15,230 km/s
Distance706 Mly (216.5 Mpc)
Apparent magnitude (V)0.079
Apparent magnitude (B)0.104
Characteristics
TypeMerger;Sy1, Sy2
Notable featuresluminous infrared galaxy, double active galactic nucleus, seyfert galaxy
Other designations
UGC 8850, PGC 49538, KUG 1353+186, MCG +03-36-005, IRAS 13536+1836, TXS 1353+186

Characteristics

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Markarian 463 is a late stage galaxy merger, a product of two gas-rich spiral galaxies colliding with one another. According to optical and near-infrared observations, the galaxy is shown to have a complex morphology with star forming clumps and curved tidal tails.[4] It has a luminosity of LIR (8-1000μm) = 1011.8 LΘ making it a luminous infrared galaxy.[5] It contains a compact radio flux in either linear or elongated structure.[6] Using spectra captured by the Infrared Spectrograph installed on Spitzer Space Telescope, emission lines are detected in Markarian 463 hinting a warm supply of molecular gas.[7]

A broadband X-ray spectral analysis revealed obscured two nuclei designated as Markarian 463W and Markarian 463E, with an estimated projected separation of ~ 3.8 kiloparsec.[8] This finding makes the galaxy a dual active galactic nucleus[9] and is the third closest physical pair known after NGC 6240 and NGC 3758.[8] The two nuclei has a luminosity of L2-10keV = 1.5 × 1043 and 3.8 × 1042 erg cm−2 s−1 and 3.8 × 1042 erg cm−2 s−1.[10] Both are active and are expected to drawn close to each other over timescales of 108 years.[4]

Further investigations also notes the two nuclei. The western nucleus has a moderate radio luminosity equivalent of an extremely luminous starburst galaxy or a Seyfert galaxy through imaging detections at 6 and 20 centimeters.[11] The eastern nucleus however, is much brighter compared to the western nucleus, and is classfied a type II Seyfert galaxy. It is found offset from its peak flux and shows polarized conical wind. With a half-opening angle of ~ 15 degrees, its wind displays three mass ejection periods.[12] Using infrared spectroscopy, the eastern nucleus hosts a hidden Seyfert 1 nucleus located southwards but not co-spatial.[13]

According to Chandra X-ray data, the supermassive black hole in the nucleus of Markarian 463E has a much higher accretion rate of ~ 5x. It is also associated with emission and continuum lines. it is also shown it is older compared the nucleus of Markarian 463W, given the northern outflowing cloud and southern emission region appears generally aligned with the biconical gradient. An ALMA 12CO (2–1) observation also finds the two nuclei have molecular gas reservoirs estimated of ~ 109 MΘ and ~ 5 × 108 MΘ respectively. Given enough molecular gas provided, it is enough to feed both black holes in the galaxy.[4]

Markarian 463 has an optical jet originating from the Seyfert nucleus according to Hubble Space Telescope imaging. The jet is found to reach the end at the radio source found 1.2 arcsecs away, and is measured 0.84 arcsecs with a position angle of 182 degrees.[14]

Part of the galaxy shows emission due to oxygen, first identified with Hubble.[10] This was interpreted as a possible extended emission-line region (EELR).[15]

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  •  
    Hubble image of Mrk 463, with oxygen being green.
  •  
    VLT MUSE image of Mrk 463, with H-alpha being orange and oxygen being green.
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    Mrk 463 in wide view with legacy surveys, showing the tidal arms

References

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  1. ^ "Your NED Search Results". ned.ipac.caltech.edu. Retrieved 2024-09-19.
  2. ^ Rafanelli, P.; di Serego Alighieri, S. (1986-01-01). "PCD spectroscopy of Mkn 463, a double nucleus Seyfert-2 galaxy". Structure and Evolution of Active Galactic Nuclei. 121: 689–692. Bibcode:1986ASSL..121..689R. doi:10.1007/978-90-277-2155-6_76 (inactive 1 November 2024).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)
  3. ^ Rafanelli, Piero; Marziani, Paolo (1990-11-01). "The double nucleus galaxies Mkn 423 and Mkn 739". NASA, Marshall Space Flight Center, Paired and Interacting Galaxies: International Astronomical Union Colloquium No. 124. 3098 (124): 225. Bibcode:1990NASCP3098..225R.
  4. ^ a b c Treister, Ezequiel; Privon, George C.; Sartori, Lia F.; Nagar, Neil; Bauer, Franz E.; Schawinski, Kevin; Messias, Hugo; Ricci, Claudio; U, Vivian; Casey, Caitlin; Comerford, Julia M.; Muller-Sanchez, Francisco; Evans, Aaron S.; Finlez, Carolina; Koss, Michael (2018-02-15). "Optical, Near-IR, and Sub-mm IFU Observations of the Nearby Dual Active Galactic Nuclei MRK 463". The Astrophysical Journal. 854 (2): 83. arXiv:1801.06190. Bibcode:2018ApJ...854...83T. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aaa963. ISSN 0004-637X.
  5. ^ Imanishi, Masatoshi; Saito, Yuriko (2013-12-13). "SUBARU ADAPTIVE-OPTICS HIGH-SPATIAL-RESOLUTION INFRAREDK- ANDL′-BAND IMAGING SEARCH FOR DEEPLY BURIED DUAL AGNs IN MERGING GALAXIES". The Astrophysical Journal. 780 (1): 106. arXiv:1312.2031. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/780/1/106. ISSN 0004-637X.
  6. ^ Neff, S. G.; Ulvestad, J. S. (1988-09-01). "Compact Radio Cores in Three Seyfert Galaxies: High-Resolution Studies of MKN 3, MKN 231, and MKN 463". The Astronomical Journal. 96: 841. Bibcode:1988AJ.....96..841N. doi:10.1086/114850. ISSN 0004-6256.
  7. ^ Armus, L.; Charmandaris, V.; Spoon, H. W. W.; Houck, J. R.; Soifer, B. T.; Brandl, B. R.; Appleton, P. N.; Teplitz, H. I.; Higdon, S. J. U.; Weedman, D. W.; Devost, D.; Morris, P. W.; Uchida, K. I.; Cleve, J. van; Barry, D. J. (2004-09-01). "Observations of Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies with the Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) on the Spitzer Space Telescope: Early Results on Markarian 1014, Markarian 463, and UGC 5101*". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 154 (1): 178. arXiv:astro-ph/0406179. Bibcode:2004ApJS..154..178A. doi:10.1086/422915. ISSN 0067-0049.
  8. ^ a b Yamada, Satoshi; Ueda, Yoshihiro; Oda, Saeko; Tanimoto, Atsushi; Imanishi, Masatoshi; Terashima, Yuichi; Ricci, Claudio (2018-05-10). "Broadband X-Ray Spectral Analysis of the Double-nucleus Luminous Infrared Galaxy Mrk 463". The Astrophysical Journal. 858 (2): 106. arXiv:1803.11223. Bibcode:2018ApJ...858..106Y. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aabacb. ISSN 0004-637X.
  9. ^ Das, Mousumi; Rubinur, Khatun; Kharb, Preeti; Varghese, Ashlin; Novakkuni, Navyasree; James, Atul (2018-04-01). "Dual Active Galactic Nuclei in Nearby Galaxies". Bulletin de la Société Royale des Sciences de Liège. 87: 299–306. arXiv:1708.01185. Bibcode:2018BSRSL..87..299D.
  10. ^ a b Bianchi, Stefano; Chiaberge, Marco; Piconcelli, Enrico; Guainazzi, Matteo; Matt, Giorgio (2008-05-01). "Chandra unveils a binary active galactic nucleus in Mrk 463". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 386 (1): 105–110. arXiv:0802.0825. Bibcode:2008MNRAS.386..105B. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13078.x. ISSN 0035-8711.
  11. ^ Mazzarella, J. M.; Gaume, R. A.; Soifer, B. T.; Graham, J. R.; Neugebauer, G.; Matthews, K. (1991-10-01). "The dust enshrouded quasar in the ultraluminous galaxy Markarian 463: radio, near-infrared, and optical imaging" (PDF). The Astronomical Journal. 102: 1241–1252. Bibcode:1991AJ....102.1241M. doi:10.1086/115950. ISSN 0004-6256.
  12. ^ Barnouin, Thibault; Marin, Frédéric; Lopez-Rodriguez, Enrique (2024-06-01), Forgotten treasures in the HST/FOC UV imaging polarimetric archives of active galactic nuclei. II. Mrk 463E, arXiv:2406.13021, retrieved 2024-09-19
  13. ^ Kukula, Marek J.; Ghosh, Tapasi; Pedlar, Alan; Schilizzi, Richard T. (1999-06-10). "Parsec-Scale Radio Structures in the Nuclei of Four Seyfert Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal. 518 (1): 117–128. arXiv:astro-ph/9904186. Bibcode:1999ApJ...518..117K. doi:10.1086/307254. ISSN 0004-637X.
  14. ^ Uomoto, A.; Caganoff, S.; Ford, H. C.; Rosenblatt, E. I.; Evans, I. N.; Cohen, R. D. (1992-05-01). "The Optical Jet in Markarian 463". American Astronomical Society Meeting Abstracts #180. 180: 16.03. Bibcode:1992AAS...180.1603U.
  15. ^ Keel, William C.; Chojnowski, S. Drew; Bennert, Vardha N.; Schawinski, Kevin; Lintott, Chris J.; Lynn, Stuart; Pancoast, Anna; Harris, Chelsea; Nierenberg, A. M.; Sonnenfeld, Alessandro; Proctor, Richard (2012-02-01). "The Galaxy Zoo survey for giant AGN-ionized clouds: past and present black hole accretion events". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 420 (1): 878–900. arXiv:1110.6921. Bibcode:2012MNRAS.420..878K. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.20101.x. ISSN 0035-8711.
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