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Although the Maronite flag is believed to have been created in the 17th or 18th century, its first recorded use was in October 1848.[1][2] The flag was also raised as the first national flag of Lebanon on October 2, 1918, following the fall of the Ottoman Empire.[3][4]
 | |
| Adopted | 1848 1913 |
|---|---|
| Design | A white field charged with a green Lebanese cedar tree. |
Background
editThe 1913 version of the flag was created by two Lebanese Brazilian journalists, Shukri El Khoury and Naoum Labaki, who were both part of the Mahjar movement in the Americas. The flag was raised on November 2, 1918, following the expulsion of Ottoman troops from Mount Lebanon and was hung in the Administrative Council (Majlis) of Mount Lebanon until May 1919. The flag and government were eventually succeeded by the state of Greater Lebanon in 1920.[5]
The flag was also used by the second Lebanese delegation to the Paris Peace Conference, led by the Maronite patriarch Elias Peter Hoayek,[6] to petition for an independent Lebanese state separate from the Arab kingdom of Faisal I.[5]
Symbolism
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The flag has a simple design with two main features:
- The white background represents the snow of Mount Lebanon as a symbol of purity and peace.
- The cedar is based on the national symbol of Lebanon, the Cedrus libani. The cedars of Lebanon are mentioned seventy-seven times in the Bible, especially in the book of Psalms, chapter 92, verse 13, where it says that "The righteous shall flourish like the palm tree, He shall grow like a cedar in Lebanon"[7] and chapter 104, verse 16, where it is stated: "[t]he trees of the Lord are well watered, the cedars of Lebanon that he planted".[8]
Gallery
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See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Cedar Flag 1918 (Historical Flags, Lebanon)". crwflags.com. 2020-07-31.
After XVII century the flag (white) with cedar was used by the Maronite Christians. But the first attested use is dated only to October 1848.
- ^ Burton, A; Nehme, Joseph; Kelly, Ralph (1996). "Cedar Tree Green - Lebanon". Crux Australis. 12/2 (50): 78–96.
In the 18th and 19th centuries (AD) Maronite Christians in Lebanon used a white flag displaying a Cedar.
- ^ "Flags and banners". lebarmy.gov.lb. Lebanese Armed Forces. December 2016.
- ^ Rinkevičius, Šarūnas (2023). "The Collective Memory of the Maronite Community in the 21st Century: an Anthropological Perspective". Hemispheres. Studies on Cultures and Societies. 38 (2449): 35–58. doi:10.60018/Hemi.RBCU8003.
Of course, the Maronites played a huge role there as well – for example, if we look at their flag, the cedar, it became the flag of Lebanon.
- ^ a b "Histoire du drapeau libanais" (PDF). mémoires. p. 92-93. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 November 2014.
- ^ "Lebanese Flag story". minbaladeh.world.
- ^ "The Bible". Retrieved 27 October 2014.
- ^ "The Bible". Retrieved 27 October 2014.
Further reading
edit- Nehmé, Joseph (1995): Le drapeau libanais: A Travers les Siècles, Dayr al-Qumr (Lebanon) (in French and Arabic)
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