Mary "Ataloa" Stone McLendon (1896–1967) was a Native American musician, storyteller, humanitarian, and educator, who was a member of the Chickasaw Nation.[1] McLendon was an important figure in Native American arts education.[2][3] She was a concert vocalist, known for her contralto voice.[2] She was influential in the creation of the art department at Bacone College, serving as the first director.[1]
Mary Stone McLendon | |
|---|---|
| Ataloa | |
| Born | Mary Kuth Stone March 27, 1896 |
| Died | November 11, 1967 (aged 71) Santa Monica, California, U.S. |
| Education | Oklahoma College for Woman, University of Redlands, Columbia University |
| Known for | educator, performer, musician, humanitarian, storyteller |
Early life, education, and performance
editMary Kuth Stone was born on March 27, 1896, near Duncan, Chickasaw Nation in Indian Territory.[1][2][4] She one of four children born to William Stone and Josephine McLish Smith, her father was European-American and her mother was Chickasaw, with a quarter blood quantum.[5] She is listed as 1/8th Chickasaw by Blood on the Dawes Rolls.[6] She attended Stone School, a small school named after her paternal family.[4] Her maternal grandmother Nancy Love McLish Smith, named her "Ataloa", which in the Chickasaw language translates as "song", "little song", or "anthem".[2][5]
In 1917 she married Ralph McClendon at the age of 17, however he died a year later of the Spanish flu.[2] She had been attending the Oklahoma College for Woman.[7] After her husband died she moved to Redlands, California, to be near her mother and brother.[5] She graduated in 1925 from the University of Redlands.[5] Around 1925, she used the stage name "Ataloa" or "Princess Ataloa" and started to dress in identifiably Native American clothing.[7] McLendon created this romanticized image of an "Indian Princess", in order to play to her mostly white audience.[7] She gained popularity for her performances featuring Native American dance, and she was known for her contralto singing voice.[2][7] She would tell Native American stories and oral history, as well as conclude the events by speaking about the issues facing the Native American communities in her public appearances.[8]
After graduation she moved to New York City to continue her studies at Columbia University, and by 1928 she shared an apartment with Chickasaw actress Te Ata.[2][5] McLendon referred to Ata as her "cousin" however its unknown if they were related or if they knew each other prior to living in New York City.[5] She earned her master's degree in Religious Education from Columbia University in 1927.[9][7]
Teaching
editIn the summer of 1927, McLendon moved to Muscogee, Oklahoma to begin teaching at an American Indian Baptist college, Bacone College.[9][10] Initially, she taught English at the school but McLendon raised money in order to build a new art building on campus.[1] With the new building in place by 1932, fine art became part of the schools curriculum and McLendon served as the first director of the program.[1] McLendon accrued Native American art, building an art collection for the school which was housed in the new building.[1] When she left the school in 1935, artist Acee Blue Eagle (Muscogee) served as the second art department director.[1]
McLendon taught at the newly founded, Idyllwild School of Music and Arts from 1950 until 1963.[11]
Humanitarian efforts
editPrior to 1932, McLendon secured funds from John D. Rockefeller in order to build a Native American orphans' home in Muskogee, Oklahoma, which became the Murrow Indian Children's Home,[12] still in operation today.
During the 1940s, Ataloa worked with the War Relocation Authority in order to assist with the relocation of Japanese people living in the United States during World War II in internment camps.[10]
In the 1950s, she served on the Save the Children Foundation committee to help Navajo Nation families fight against malnutrition complicated by a tuberculosis outbreak.[10] Also in 1950s, McLendon was a public relations chair for the National Congress of American Indians and a consultant for the Bureau of Indian Affairs.[1]
Death and legacy
editMcLendon died on November 11, 1967, in Santa Monica, California, after a long illness.[1][4]
On the Bacone College campus, the Ataloa Lodge Museum is a building dedicated to McLendon.[13] This is the same building built in 1932 by McLendon as an "art lodge" and classroom, it was later renamed in her dedication and it now houses a collection of Native American art work and historical artifacts.[14][15]
At the Idyllwild Arts Academy, on campus there is a marker in her dedication, an art studio named the Ataloa Art Studio and a nearby group of Sequoia trees were named the Ataloa Grove.[1]
East Central University in Ada, Oklahoma opened the Hallie Brown Ford Arts Center's Ataloa Theatre in 2009.[1]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Elder, Tamara R. "Ataloa (Mary Stone McLendon)". The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture. Retrieved 2020-04-24.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Book review: 'Little Song: The Life of Ataloa Stone McLendon'". Oklahoman.com. 2016-05-13. Retrieved 2020-04-24.
- ^ "Edmond author releases McLendon biography". The Ada News. 2 November 2017. Retrieved 2020-04-24.
- ^ a b c "Memorial for Ataloa, Chickasaw Indian princess and a native of Stephens County, will be held early in 1968 on the Idyllwild USC campus in California". Newspapers.com. The Daily Oklahoman from Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. December 10, 1967. p. 163. Retrieved 2020-04-24.
- ^ a b c d e f Green, Richard (2006). Te Ata: Chickasaw Storyteller, American Treasure. University of Oklahoma Press. pp. 86–87. ISBN 9780806137544.
- ^ "Search the Dawes Rolls, 1898–1914". Oklahoma Historical Society. Retrieved 2024-01-04.
- ^ a b c d e Nash, Margaret A. (2017). Women's Higher Education in the United States: New Historical Perspectives. Springer. p. 194. ISBN 9781137590848.
- ^ "Mrs. Mary Stone McLendon, of Redlands, known on the lecture circuit as Princess Ataloa, representative of Bacone college in Oklahoma". Newspapers.com. The San Bernardino County Sun from San Bernardino, California. June 27, 1930. p. 14. Retrieved 2020-04-24.
- ^ a b Lockard, Joe (2019). Louis Owens: Writing Land and Legacy. University of New Mexico Press. p. 93. ISBN 9780826360991.
- ^ a b c Coburn, James. "Edmond authors gather at book fair Saturday". The Edmond Sun. Retrieved 2020-04-24.
- ^ "Mary Stone McClendon "Ataloa"". www.chickasaw.tv. Retrieved 2020-04-24.
- ^ "Niece Of Prominent Rancher Visits Here, Mary Ataloa McLendon". Newspapers.com. Carlsbad Current-Argus from Carlsbad, New Mexico. August 5, 1932. p. 1. Retrieved 2020-04-24.
- ^ "Oklahoma". Indian Arts and Crafts Board, U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI). 2015-10-21. Retrieved 2020-04-24.
- ^ Phoenix, Wendy Burton (27 October 2016). "Bacone College celebrates reopening of Ataloa Lodge". Muskogee Phoenix. Retrieved 2020-04-24.
- ^ DeFrange, Ann (August 10, 1992). "Collection an Art Showplace Log Cabin Houses Teacher's Legacy". Newspapers.com. The Daily Oklahoman from Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. p. 9. Retrieved 2020-04-24.
Further reading
edit- Elder, Tamara R. (2015). Little Song: The Life of Ataloa Stone McClendon. Victoria, BC: Medicine Wheel Press. ISBN 9780975407226.
- McKenzie-Jones, Paul (Spring 2014). "Evolving Voices of Dissent: The Workshops on American Indian Affairs, 1956–1972". American Indian Quarterly. 38 (2). University of Nebraska Press: 207–236. doi:10.5250/amerindiquar.38.2.0207. JSTOR 10.5250/amerindiquar.38.2.0207.
- McLeod, Julie; Paisley, Fiona (1 August 2016). "The Modernization of Colonialism and the Educability of the "Native": Transpacific Knowledge Networks and Education in the Interwar Years". History of Education Quarterly. 56 (3). History of Education Society: 473–502. doi:10.1111/hoeq.12199. S2CID 148012891.