Muhammad Mashouq Izzeddin al-Khaznawi (Arabic: معشوق الخزنوي; Kurdish: Meşûqê Xeznewî) was a Kurdish sheikh in Syria who was killed by the Assad government in 2005. His death was one of the events that sparked the Rojava conflict.[1][2][3]
Sheikh of the Martyrs Mashouq al-Khaznawi | |
|---|---|
| Born | January 1st, 1958 |
| Disappeared | May 10th, 2005 Damascus, Syria |
| Died | May 30th, 2005 (aged 47) |
| Cause of death | Torture |
| Body discovered | June 1st, 2005 |
| Resting place | Qaddour Bey Cemetery, Qamishli |
| Nationality | Syrian Kurdish |
| Education | Various Islamic institutes and universities |
| Children | 16 |
| Father | Izzeddin al-Khaznawi |
Biography
editHe was the son of Izzeddin Al-Khaznawi, and belonged to the Khaznawi family, a very influential Kurdish clerical family which founded the Khaznawi tariqa, a branch of the Naqshbandi tariqa. The family originates from Khazna, a village in Al-Hasakah Governorate. Mashouq al-Khaznawi was born in Tel Marouf in Qamishli on January 1, 1958. He had 16 children. He studied under his father, as well as Mullah Abdullah Qartimini. He also graduated from the Institute of Sharia section of the Institute of Islamic Sciences, in Bab al-Jabiyah in Damascus. He then went to Medina and obtained a bachelor's degree in Islamic Sciences. He has a bachelors, masters, and a doctorate in Islamic Sciences from various universities. He participated in many Islamic conferences worldwide, including in Riyadh and Vienna, and has held many seminars in Europe and other parts of the world.[4][5]
During the 2004 Kurdish uprising, he began including Kurdish activism in the khutbahs he gave in mosques, in addition to seminars and lectures, in which he gave which spoke about the oppressive policies of the Baathist regime towards Kurds. Khaznawi was described as being the "center of the struggle" of the 2004 Kurdish uprisings, and the Syrian government considered him a "separatist threat".[6] One of his most famous speeches was delivered on Nowruz, as well as his fiery speech on the anniversary of the death of Farhad Muhammad Ali, on April 8, 2005. He insisted that he was a target and that he was going to be killed, and he stated that the thought of death was not deterring him from fighting for Kurds.[4] Khaznawi called on Kurds to use violence if it was necessary, and one of his famous quotes was "rights are not given as a charity, rights are achieved by force."[7] He continued his activism until he was ambushed by the Syrian regime when he was returning home from his work at the Islamic Studies Center in Damascus, on May 10, 2005. His torture was allegedly ordered by Maher al-Assad, who was worried by Khaznawi's increasing influence among Kurds. Khaznawi died after 20 days of torture, and his body was dumped in Deir ez-Zor on June 1.[8][6]
On June 1, a man who claimed to be a government official approached Khaznawi's sons on the street and told them "you will hear happy news of your father." After a few days, state security agents took Khaznawi's sons to see Khaznawi. His dead body was nearly unrecognisable, his thick beard had been ripped off, his teeth were broken, and his skin was badly burnt by acid. He was also torn into 3 pieces. The Syrian government told the Khaznawi family that independent criminals, mostly from Deir ez-Zor, had confessed to killing Mashouq al-Khaznawi, although his family suspects the Syrian government. One of Khaznawi's sons, Morshed al-Khaznawi, stated that "the Syrian authorities fabricated an ugly play and gave us the corpse, in the end, the Syrian authorities have complete and total responsibility for what happened and for assassinating the sheikh."[6] Another of Khaznawi's sons, Mohammed al-Khaznawi, stated that "my father was subjected to a lot of harassment before his death because of his stands backing the Kurdish cause."[9]
His body returned to Qamishli in early June, and his sons wrapped his body with the Kurdish flag and buried him.[6] He was buried in the Qaddour Bey Cemetery, and became known as "Sheikh of the Martyrs".[10] Tens of thousands of Kurds attended the funeral,[8] and after his death many Kurds armed themself and began rebelling against Syria,[6] which later escalated and became the Rojava conflict.[1][2] Many Kurdish organisations, regardless of their different ideologies, commemorate his death every year and demand justice for him. A popular Anti-Assad activist, Riad Darar, had also attended Khaznawi's funeral, which led to his arrest.[11]
References
edit- ^ a b "Kurdish Syria: From cultural to armed revolution". 28 July 2012.
- ^ a b "Hedging their Syrian bets". The Economist. 4 August 2012.
- ^ Stack, Megan K. (August 14, 2005). "Cleric's Slaying a Rallying Cry for Kurds in Syria". Los Angeles Times.
- ^ a b "The 17th Anniversary of the killing of the Martyr Sheikh Mashouq Al Khaznawi-ARK NEWS". www.arknews.net.
- ^ "15 عامًا على اغتيال الشيخ معشوق الخزنوي.. الحقوق تؤخذ بالقوة". عنب بلدي (in Arabic). 2020-05-10. Retrieved 2024-02-08.
- ^ a b c d e Stack, Megan K. (August 14, 2005). "Cleric's Slaying a Rallying Cry for Kurds in Syria". Los Angeles Times.
- ^ "مرشد معشوق الخزنوي: قاتل والدي هو ماهر الأسد.. ونحضّر مشروعاً لروجافا". www.rudawarabia.net. Retrieved 2024-02-08.
- ^ a b "Kurdish cleric's 'killers' identified". Al Jazeera.
- ^ "Slain cleric was harassed, family says". Al Jazeera.
- ^ "شيخ الشهداء معشوق الخزنوي… كان نبض الشارع فالتفت حوله الجماهير | قناة اليوم". قناة اليوم | اليوم قناة إخبارية مستقلة، تهدف إلى نشر ثقافة حقوق الانسان والحوار والتسامح بين أطياف وألوان المجتمع السوري خاصةً والشرق الأوسطي بشكل عام.. (in Arabic). 2023-05-10. Retrieved 2024-02-08.
- ^ Tejel, Jordi (29 August 2008). Syria's Kurds: History, Politics and Society. Routledge. p. 126. ISBN 978-1134096435.