The Board of Ceremonies (式部職, Shikibu-shoku) is a department of the Imperial Household Agency of Japan. The board is the chief administration charged with ceremonial matters.
History
editThe history dates back to the Asuka period of the 8th century under the Taihō Code, when the Ministry of Ceremonial Affairs (式部省, Shikibu-shō) was formed. This stayed in existence until the reforms of the Meiji era in 1871, when the ministry was replaced with the Board of Ceremonies (式部局, Shikibu-kyoku), which was soon renamed Bureau of Ceremonies (式部寮, Shikibu-ryō) in 1872. The Ministry of Divinities was abolished, with the bulk of duties moved to the Ministry of Religion (教部省, Kyōbu-shō, "Department (Ministry) of Religion and Education) and the administration of formal ceremonial functions transferred to the Bureau of the Ceremonies. The Bureau of the Ceremonies was initially under the administration of the Great Council of State (太政官, Dajō-kan), but was transferred to the control of the Imperial Household Ministry in September 1877. The Bureau underwent the current name Shikibu-shōku (式部職) change in October 1884.
Organisation
editThe board is headed by the Grand Master of the Ceremonies (式部官長, Shikibu-kanchō). However, the post has historically gone under the name Shikibu no kami (式部頭).
The Grand Master is assisted by two Vice-Grand Masters of the Ceremonies (式部副長, Shikibu fukuchō). One of them has "purview over ceremonial matters" (儀式総括, gishiki sōkatsu), while the other has "purview over foreign related matters" (外事総括, gaiji sōkatsu).[1]
The first Vice-Grand Master has subordinate "officials of ceremonies" (式官, shikikan) underneath him, variously charged with ceremonial rites, music, and duck netting parties at the duck netting preserves (鴨場, kamoba).
The other Vice-Grand Master is charged foreign matters, i.e., with assisting in coordinating various court functions held for visiting foreign dignitaries. He is also responsible for such activities as the Imperial Family's State visits to foreign countries.[1]
Music Department
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The board's Music Department (楽部, gakubu) performs both gagaku (雅楽), i.e. ancient court music, and Western classical music.[1]
Wild duck preserves
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The hunting parties at the kamoba preserves invites guests to participate in traditional wild-duck netting, where the wildfowl are tagged. The guests invited to the netting are often diplomatic missions and plenipotentiaries from foreign countries, although cabinet members, members of the National Diet, and Supreme Court Justices are extended invitations also.[2]
Grand Masters of Ceremonies
editBelow is a historic list of grand masters from 1947:
| Number | Name | Term in Office | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Grand Master of Ceremonies (式部頭, Shikibu no kami) | |||
| – | Matsudaira Yasumasa (松平康昌) | Mar 27, 1947 – May 2, 1947 | Granted shinninkan status.[a] |
| May 3, 1947 – May 31, 1949 | |||
| Grand Masters of Ceremonies (式部官長, Shikibu kanchō) | |||
| 1 | Matsudaira Yasumasa | Jun 1, 1949 – Jan 4, 1957 (died in office) | |
| 2 | Harada Ken (原田健) | Feb 1, 1957 – Sep 10, 1968 (resigned) | |
| 3 | Shigenobu Shima (島重信) | Sep 10, 1968 – Jan 16, 1973 (resigned)[3] | |
| 4 | Morio Yukawa (湯川盛夫) | January 16, 1973 – August 14, 1979 (resigned) | |
| 5 | Isao Abe (安倍勲) | Aug 14, 1979 – Jun 20, 1989 (resigned) | |
| 6 | Kiyoshi Sumiya (角谷清) | Jun 20, 1989 – Sep 8, 1995 (resigned) | |
| 7 | Makoto Watanabe (渡邉允) | Sep 8, 1995 – Dec 12, 1996 | |
| 8 | Yoshio Karita (苅田吉夫) | Dec 12, 1996 – Jul 8, 2003 (resigned) | |
| 9 | Yutaka Kawashima (川島裕) | Jul 8, 2003 – Jun 15, 2007 | |
| 10 | Koichi Haraguchi (原口幸市) | Jun 15, 2007 – Oct 4, 2009 (died in office) | |
| – | (Takashi Koezuka (肥塚隆)) | Oct 8, 2009 – Oct 20, 2009 | Acting GM (Vice-GM) |
| 11 | Takekazu Kawamura (河村武和) | Oct 20, 2009 – Sep 1, 2012 (resigned) | |
| 12 | Nobutake Onoda (小田野展丈) | Sep 1, 2012 – Sep 1, 2014 | |
| 13 | Chikao Kawai (河相周夫) | Sep 1, 2014 – May 1, 2015 | |
| 14 | Yoshitaka Akimoto (秋元義孝) | May 1, 2015 – Apr 1, 2023 | |
| 15 | Junichi Ihara (伊原純一) | Apr 1, 2023 – present | |
Explanatory notes
edit- ^ A shinninkan" is the highest ranked official, appointed by the emperor, higher in status than chokuninkan appointed by imperial edict/decree.
Citations
edit- ^ a b c Imperial Household Agency. "Organization and Functions". Retrieved April 13, 2019. / 宮内庁 (Imperial Household Agency). "組織・所掌事務 (Soshiki / Shoshōjimu)" (in Japanese). Retrieved April 13, 2019. (Wordings are not exactly identical.)
- ^ 宮内庁 (Imperial Household Agency). "鴨の捕獲・鴨場の接遇 (Kamo no hokaku · kamoba no setsugū)" (in Japanese). Retrieved April 13, 2019. (Wordings are not exactly identical.)
- ^ The International Who's Who 1992–93. Taylor&Francis. 1992. p. 1490. ISBN 0-946653-84-4.
References
edit- Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Nihon Odai Ichiran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 5850691
- Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki: A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-04940-5; OCLC 59145842