Maupihaʻa (Maupihaa), also known as Mopelia, is an atoll in the Leeward group (Iles sous le Vent) of the Society Islands, in the South Pacific. This atoll is located 72 km southeast of Manuaʻe, its nearest neighbor.
 NASA picture of the island of Maupihaʻa Atoll | |
 | |
| Geography | |
|---|---|
| Location | Pacific Ocean pito |
| Coordinates | 16°48′S 153°57′W / 16.800°S 153.950°W |
| Archipelago | Society Islands |
| Area | 2.6 km2 (1.0 sq mi) |
| Administration | |
France | |
| Overseas collectivity | French Polynesia |
| Administrative subdivision | Leeward Islands |
| Demographics | |
| Population | 20 (2017) |
| Pop. density | 4/km2 (10/sq mi) |
This article needs additional citations for verification. (October 2023) |
Geography
editMaupihaʻa atoll is roughly 8 km in length and contains a lagoon that is up to 40 m in depth and surrounded by submerged reefs on three sides.[1] The atoll's outer reefs are continuous except for a small passage on the western side of the atoll. The eastern side consists of a narrow, thickly vegetated islet (Motu Maupihaʻa), and a number of smaller islets bring the total land area of Maupihaʻa to 2.6 km2. The only village on the atoll is located on Motu Maupihaʻa; as of August 27, 2023, the population consisted of 7 people.
History
editMaupihaʻa Atoll was inhabited in very ancient times by Polynesians; archaeological remains and fish hooks have been found. The first European to arrive on Maupihaʻa, along with neighboring Fenua Ura and Motu One, was Samuel Wallis in 1767.
In 1917, the atoll was leased to a Papeete company, with three employees producing copra, and raising pigs and chickens and collecting turtles. It was later leased to another copra company and entirely planted with coconut palms.
In the same year, Count Felix von Luckner of the famed SMS Seeadler visited the island during his voyage to raid Allied shipping in the South Pacific during the First World War. The purpose of the stop was to obtain provisions and to make repairs to the Seeadler's hull after traveling across the Pacific and around South America. After a short time, rough seas and wind caused the Seeadler to run aground on Mopelia's reef, leaving von Luckner and more than 100 others.[2][3]
At that time the island was inhabited by only three Polynesians, who collected coconuts for Tahiti and processed them into copra. The 64 crew members of the Seeadler and 47 prisoners — crews and passengers of the previously captured ships — lived with the Polynesians on Maupihaʻa for several months in what Luckner jokingly referred to as "Germany's last colony".[4] The crew built the Seeadlerburg settlement from the remains of the stranded ship.[5]: 231 The called the island Cäcilieninsel.
Some of the stranded sailors were American prisoners of war who were captured on the ocean by Luckner's raiders. Eventually von Luckner chose a few men and rigged a long boat with a sail to journey about 2,000 mi (3,200 km) to the Fiji Islands, where von Luckner intended to capture another sailing ship and go back and rescue the remaining seamen on Mopelia. However, the plan did not succeed, for while von Luckner was able to reach his destination, he ended up surrendering to a British lieutenant. Von Luckner spent the rest of World War I as a POW in New Zealand, though he successfully escaped on one occasion, absconding on the boat of the prison warden with several other prisoners, only to be recaptured.[6]
Meanwhile, the rest of his crew captured a French schooner, Lutece, which called at Mopelia, sailed it to Easter Island arriving on 4 October and ran aground there, after which they were interned by the Chilean authorities. Four American seamen then sailed an open boat 1,000 mi (1,600 km) to Pago Pago, where they arranged for their colleagues' rescue from Mopelia.
The most recent supply ship visited in 2021. A sailing vessel named Russula arrived in August of 2023 while on a wandering type of cruise across the Pacific. The crew donated clothes, tools, and much needed motor oil for the outboard motors of the islanders.
Administration
editThe atoll is administratively part of the commune (municipality) of Maupiti, itself in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands. Presently Maupihaʻa is listed as permanently uninhabited.
Alternate names
edit- Mopelia
- Maupelia
- Mopihaa
- Maupihoa
- Mapetia
- Cäcilieninsel
See also
edit
References
edit- ^ "Society Islands - Maupihaa". oceandots.com. 2007-01-14. Archived from the original on December 23, 2010.
- ^ ""Seeadler" – story of a famous raider revived". Pacific Islands Monthly. Vol. III, no. 3. 19 October 1932. p. 23. Archived from the original on 11 November 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2021 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ "Luckner, Felix, Graf von | International Encyclopedia of the First World War (WW1)". Archived from the original on 2023-06-02. Retrieved 2023-10-31.
- ^ "A brand-new version of how Seeadler met her end". Pacific Islands Monthly. Vol. 49, no. 2. 1 February 1978. p. 53. Archived from the original on 11 November 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2021 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ Lowell Thomas (1927). Count Luckner, the Sea Devil. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page & Company.
- ^ Kirk, Robert W. (24 October 2012). Paradise Past: The Transformation of the South Pacific, 1520-1920. McFarland. ISBN 9780786469789.