There is a large community of Mauritanians in Senegal, including tens of thousands of black Mauritanians expelled by their own government during a 1989 border incident.
 In this November 2011 photo, Mauritanian refugee students at Thiabakh elementary school sit in the classroom in Ndioum Arrondissement, Podor Department, Saint-Louis Region, Senegal. | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
|---|---|
| Dagana · Podor · Matam · Bakel[1] | |
| Religion | |
| Sunni Islam |
Migration history
editIn early 1989, tensions arose between Mauritania and Senegal due to conflicts over water resources in the Sénégal River valley. As a result, white Mauritanian Moors in the Senegalese capital Dakar became the targets of communal violence, while in Mauritania itself, black Mauritanians came under suspicion as "Senegalese fifth columnists".[2]
To prevent further violence, the governments of Mauritania and Senegal began to organize mutual repatriations of their citizens from each other's territories in April that year; however, Mauritania did not just remove Senegalese citizens, but an estimated 70,000 black Mauritanians as well.[3] Those expelled were largely of Halpulaar ethnicity.[4] The border between the two countries would not be reopened until April 1992.[5][6]
Repatriation began slowly after the reopening of the border. Refugees returning to Trarza and Brakna generally found conditions to be good, but those going back to Gorgol and Guidimaka complained of continued discrimination by local authorities.[7]
Reports in early 2013 indicated that returnees continued to face difficulties resettling in their former villages and regaining access to the lands they had once farmed due to their lack of identification documents.[8]
Footnotes
edit- ^ Stone 2005, p. 7
- ^ Stone 2005, p. 6
- ^ Stone 2005, p. 7
- ^ Marty 2003, p. 497
- ^ El Yessa 2009, p. 10
- ^ "MAURITANIE SÉNÉGAL Réouverture des frontières terrestres". Le Monde.fr (in French). 1992-05-05. Retrieved 2023-12-10.
- ^ El Yessa 2009, p. 11
- ^ "Mauritania: Ex-refugees want land, ID cards", IRIN News, 2013-01-07, retrieved 2013-01-08
Bibliography
edit- El Yessa, Abderrahman (2009), Le retour des réfugiés mauritaniens au Sénégal et au Mali, vingt ans après la crise de 1989 (PDF), CARIM Rapports de recherche, Consortium Euro-Mediterraneen pour la recherche appliquee sur les migrations internationales, archived from the original (PDF) on July 20, 2011
- Marty, Marianne (2003), "Sociologie politique d'un mouvement de réfugiés: les réfugiés halpulaaren mauritaniens au Sénégal", in Coquery-Vidrovitch, Catherine; Goerg, Odile; Mandé, Issiaka; et al. (eds.), Politiques migratoires et construction des identités, Être étranger et migrant en Afrique au XXe siècle, vol. 1, Harmattan, pp. 497–518, ISBN 978-2-7475-5339-1
- Stone, David (June 2005), Enhancing livelihood security among Mauritanian refugees in Northern Senegal: a case study (PDF), United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, OCLC 74115297
Further reading
edit- Fresia, Marion (2005), L'humanitaire en contexte: pratiques, discours et vécus des mauritaniens réfugiés au Sénégal, Ph.D. dissertation, Paris: École des hautes études en sciences sociales, OCLC 492686322
- Hagen, Erik (May 2005), Contested transnationalism among Mauritanian deportees in Senegal (PDF), M.A. dissertation, Department of Sociology and Human Geography, University of Oslo, OCLC 292368982[permanent dead link]
- Leservoisier, Olivier (1999), "Black Mauritanian refugees in the Senegal River Valley", in Lassailly-Jacob, Veronique; Marchal, Jean-Yves; Quesnel, Andre (eds.), Déplacës et réfugiés: la mobilité sous contrainte, IRD Editions, ISBN 978-2-7099-1428-4
External links
edit- Réfugiés négro-mauritaniens au Sénégal, a photo exhibition by Elodie Perriot