Max Yankowitz (1875–1945) or Yenkovitz (Yiddish: מאַקס יאַנקאָװיטש) was a Romanian-born American Klezmer accordionist and recording artist. He was one of the first musicians to record Klezmer music in the United States, making a handful of recordings for Columbia Records in 1913; he continued to record sporadically until around 1929.
Biography
editHe was born Meir Yankowitz in Bacău, Romania on March 23 or 24, 1875.[1][2][3] His parents were named Bernard and Hannah.[4] Little is known about Yankowitz's early life or musical background.[5] He emigrated to the New York area via Hamburg in June 1900.[1] His first decade in New York is not well documented, but by the time of the 1910 census he gave his occupation as a wedding musician.[6]
He made his first known recordings with Columbia Records in New York in April 1913.[7] This set of 8 accordion recordings included Yiddish theatre music, Klezmer dances and Romanian music, and were made with the accompaniment of a cimbalom player named Goldberg.[8] He applied for U.S. citizenship in 1918.[1]
A decade later, in the summer of 1924, he entered the studios at Emerson Records and made another set of four recordings with piano accompaniment of klezmer violinist Abe Schwartz.[8] In the mid-1920s he listed his occupation as a Restaurant Keeper.[2] Although this side of his life is poorly documented, it is not surprising, as other Romanian-born klezmer musicians in New York including Joseph Moskowitz and Max Leibowitz also ran restaurants during this time.
He seems to have made his final set of four recordings, another set of Romanian-Jewish accordion solos with cimbalom accompaniment, for the Victor Recording Company in February 1929.[8][9]
According to Klezmer researcher Joshua Horowitz, Yankowitz seems to have remained active as an accordionist until around 1937.[5] Yankowitz died of a blood clot in the Bronx on April 26, 1945.[4][10] He was 70 years old. He was buried in the Montefiore Cemetery in Queens in the section of the First Bucecer Independent Benevolent Association, a Landsmanshaft for immigrants from Buczacz.[4][11]
Family
editMax's wife was named Gisela (née Lazarowitz) and was born in Romania in around 1878; they seem to have been married around the time they emigrated in 1900.[12][6] Their children were Daniel (born in Romania or possibly New York c. 1900), Bessie (born in New York circa 1903), and Benjamin (born 1906).[6][13][14] Daniel, who changed his family name to Yates, became a violinist and later relocated to Florida in the 1940s.[15][16][13] Max's brother Morris also emigrated and worked as a factory worker in New York.[6]
Legacy
editBeginning in the 1970s in the United States, there was renewed interest in old Jewish instrumental music which had fallen out of fashion for several decades—the Klezmer revival. Yankowitz's accordion recordings received new attention and appeared on a number of reissue albums, including Yikhes: klezmer Recordings from 1911-1939 (1995, Trikont).[17][18] In particular, accordionists focused on his unusual technique which was partly due to the type of accordion he played and partly due to his idiosyncratic, rustic playing style.[5][19] Because recordings of the Klezmer cimbalom from that era are also quite rare, the accompaniment on his tracks has also attracted attention.[20]
References
edit- ^ a b c "Max Yankowitz. Migration • New York, County Naturalization Records, 1791-1980". FamilySearch. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Max Yankowitz in Canada, Border Crossings from U.S. to Canada, 1908-1935". Ancestry.com. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
- ^ "Max Yankowitz in U.S., World War I Draft Registration Cards, 1917-1918". Ancestry.com. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
- ^ a b c "Max Yankowitz in New York, New York, U.S., Index to Death Certificates, 1862-1948". Ancestry.com. Retrieved 6 March 2023.
- ^ a b c Horowitz, Joshua (2012). "9. The Klezmer Accordion: An Outsider among Outsiders". In Simonett, Helena (ed.). The Accordion in the Americas: Klezmer, Polka, Tango, Zydeco, and More!. University of Illinois Press. pp. 184–5. ISBN 9780252094323.
- ^ a b c d "Max Yankowitz in the 1910 United States Federal Census". Ancestry.com. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
- ^ Sapoznik, Henry (1999). Klezmer! : Jewish music from Old World to our world. New York: Schirmer Books. p. 67. ISBN 002864574X.
- ^ a b c Spottswood, Richard K. (1990). Ethnic music on records : a discography of ethnic recordings produced in the United States, 1893 to 1942. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. pp. 1546–7. ISBN 9780252017216.
- ^ Johnson, Axel B., ed. (June 1929). "Foreign Records". The Phonograph Monthly Review. III (9). Boston, MA.: The Phonograph Publishing Co.: 323.
- ^ "Max Yankowitz in New York, New York, U.S., Extracted Death Index, 1862-1948". Ancestry.com. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
- ^ "Locator - Montefiore Springfield Cemetery - Queens, NY". montefiorecemetery.org. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
- ^ "Gezela Yankowitz in New York, New York, U.S., Index to Death Certificates, 1862-1948". Ancestry.com. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Daniel Yankowitz in U.S., World War II Draft Cards Young Men, 1940-1947". Ancestry.com. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
- ^ "Max Yankowitz in New York, U.S., State Census, 1915". Ancestry.com. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
- ^ "Mr. Mrs. Yankow Fete Relative". The Daily Record. Long Branch, N. J. 26 June 1944. p. 4.
- ^ "1920 United States Federal Census". Ancestry.com. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
- ^ "Various - Yikhes (Lineage / Stammbaum) - Early Klezmer Recordings 1911-1939". Discogs. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
- ^ Broughton, Simon; Ellingham, Mark, eds. (1999). "Klezmer". World music : the rough guide, Volume 2. London: Rough Guides; Distributed by the Penguin Group. p. 590. ISBN 978-1-85828-635-8.
- ^ Stan, Peter (2012). "3. Accordion". In Strom, Yale (ed.). Shpil: The Art of Playing Klezmer. Scarecrow Press. p. 31.
- ^ Gifford, Paul M. (2001). The hammered dulcimer : a history. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press. p. 132. ISBN 9781461672906.
External links
edit- Max Yankowitz recordings in the Florida Atlantic University Judaica collection
- M. Yenkovitz recordings in the Dartmouth College Jewish Sound Archive
- Max Yankowitz recordings in the Mayrent Collection at the University of Wisconsin–Madison
- Max Yenkovitz listing in the Discography of American Historical Recordings