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May 1921

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The following events occurred in May 1921:

May 3, 1921: Ireland officially divided into two provinces

May 1, 1921 (Sunday)

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  • Riots began in Jaffa, at the time in the British Mandate for Palestine. The activities of the Jewish Communist Party, calling for the establishment of a "Soviet Palestine", culminated in a march through the Jewish-Arab border neighborhood of Manshiyya, where they clashed with the rival socialist Ahdut HaAvoda group, leading to large-scale rioting involving Jews, Christians, Arabs and Muslims.[1] Within days, at least 40 people had been killed. [2][3]
  • The U.S. Navy opened a commercial wireless service between North America and Indo-China.[4]

May 2, 1921 (Monday)

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Bridge near Oppeln destroyed during the "Operation Bridges"

May 3, 1921 (Tuesday)

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Secretary Weeks
  • U.S. Secretary of War John W. Weeks announced that all draft evaders of the recent World War would be arrested, and that he would issue a list of willful deserters.[13] The published lists proved to be an embarrassment to Weeks after it was clear that they hadn't been verified [14][15][16]
  • U.S. Steel Corporation announced that it was reducing the wages of 150,000 day laborers by 20%, with salary cuts to take place on May 16. Wages, which had been raised in early 1918 because of the shortage of workers due to World War One, were returned to their pre-war level. The minimum wage rate for a U.S. Steel employee was changed from 46 cents per hour to 36 cents per hour.[17]
  • The third population census of the population of the Union of South Africa was enumerated.[18] According to the final enumeration, the population of the minority-ruled Union in 1921 was 6,927,403 of whom 1,521,343 were white and 5,406,060 were non-whites.[19]
  • The government of France called up 200,000 men in preparation for the occupation of Germany's Ruhr Valley.[20]
  • The U.S Senate passed the Dillingham Immigration Bill, similar to one vetoed by President Wilson in February, by a vote of 78 to 1 in favor.[21]
  • Born: Sugar Ray Robinson, U.S. boxer, in Ailey, Georgia[22] (died 1989)
  • Died: William Robert Brooks, 77, British-born American astronomer who discovered 27 comets during his career [23]

May 4, 1921 (Wednesday)

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Fehrenbach
  • Chancellor Constantin Fehrenbach of Germany and his cabinet resigned upon news that an ultimatum would be sent from the Allies to agree to binding reparations payments.[24]
  • Born: Edo Murtić, Croatian painter, in Velika Pisanica (died 2005)[25]

May 5, 1921 (Thursday)

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  • The Allied Supreme War Council notified Germany of a default on the May 1 payment due for 12 billion gold marks and announced that Germany would have until May 12 to accept a total debt of 135 billion marks (equivalent to £6.75 billion or $33.75 billion), to be "paid in an indeterminate number of annual installments" worth of gold. British Prime Minister David Lloyd George handed the ultimatum, signed by himself and representatives of France, Belgium, Italy and Japan to Germany's Ambassador Friedrich Sthamer.[26]
  • Sir James Craig, leader of the Ulster Unionist Party of Northern Ireland, and Éamon de Valera, leader of the Sinn Féin party of Ireland, met in conference.[27]
  • The lowest attendance in the history of The Football League was recorded when only 13 paying spectators attended a football match between Leicester City and Stockport County F.C. in England. (However, the number of non-paying spectators at the match may have been between 1,000 and 2,000.)[28]
  • Died:

May 6, 1921 (Friday)

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  • A provisional treaty was signed in Berlin, by which Germany recognized the Soviet regime in Russia.[30]
  • A proposed resolution by U.S. Representative George H. Tinkham of Massachusetts, to investigate disenfranchisement of African Americans in the South, was rejected by the House of Representatives, with only 46 in favor and 285 against.[31]
  • U.S. President Warren G. Harding accepted Britain's invitation to send representatives to the Reparations Conference.[4]
  • Died: W. Friese Greene, 66, English inventor and motion picture pioneer.[32]

May 7, 1921 (Saturday)

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May 8, 1921 (Sunday)

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May 9, 1921 (Monday)

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May 10, 1921 (Tuesday)

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Chancellor Wirth

May 11, 1921 (Wednesday)

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  • Germany sent a note unconditionally accepting the reparation terms described in the ultimatum of May 5. In London, German Ambassador Friedrich Sthamer delivered the note of acceptance to Prime Minister David Lloyd George, stating the German government had resolved "to carry out without reserve or condition its obligations" to guarantee reparations, partially disarm its armed forces and to put accused war criminals on trial in German courts.[47]
  • Thousands of people rioted in Kanchrapara after workers on the Eastern Bengal State Railway in British India went on strike.[48]
  • British cotton weavers and spinners had their wages reduced by 30% by their employers.[4]
  • Newspapers across North America, including The New York Times, printed what turned out to be a false report from the agent for comedian Charlie Chaplin that he had been "severely burned" during the filming of his latest movie, The Idle Class. According to the account, "An acetylene torch used in the scene set Chaplin's coat and voluminous trousers afire. In a second he was aflame from head to foot" and "was saved from fatal injury by employees, who wrapped him in wet blankets."[49][50][51] Chaplin would write later that after a slight accident with a blowtorch requiring him to add "another layer of asbestos" to his outfit, his agent exaggerated the matter. "Carl Robinson saw an opportunity for publicity... That evening I was shocked to read headlines that I had been severely burnt about the face, hands and body.... I issued a denial, but few newspapers printed it." [52] The papers that did print a correction generally did so as a less-prominently displayed followup.[53]

May 12, 1921 (Thursday)

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May 13, 1921 (Friday)

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May 14, 1921 (Saturday)

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  • A geomagnetic storm, caused by a solar outburst, began interfering with telegraph and telephone transmissions (and railroad signals) and causing an aurora borealis to be observed in the northeastern United States. The activity was attributed by astronomers at the U.S. Naval Observatory to a sunspot 94,000 miles (151,000 km) long and 21,000 miles (34,000 km) wide.,[62] lasting until May 17 and causing damage in North America, Europe and the southern hemisphere.[63][64][65]

May 15, 1921 (Sunday)

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Prime Minister Giolitti

May 16, 1921 (Monday)

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  • The Communist Party of Czechoslovakia was founded at a conference in Prague.[71] Meeting in Prague, former Social Democrats met as delegates to a congress of the Czechoslovak Social Democrats of the Left (Československé sociálně demokratické strany dělnické, levice or Česko-slovenskej sociálnodemokratickej strany, ľavicovej) voted, 562 to 7, to join Comintern.[72]
  • The U.S. Supreme Court decided that the capital gains tax (a tax on the increased value of corporate assets) could be assessed and included in profits for purposes of calculating taxable revenue.[59] The Court also rejected a challenge to the ratification clause of the 18th Amendment for prohibition of the manufacture, transport and sale of alcohol.[59]

May 17, 1921 (Tuesday)

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  • The UK's Ministry of Labour, under Thomas Macnamara, issued an order confirming general minimum time-rates, piece-work basis time-rates and overtime rates for male and female workers.[73]
  • The United States Bureau of the Census announced the final figures for the 1920 decennial census, adding 27,512 to the provisional number announced on October 7. The final figure was 105,710,620 for the 48 states and 117,859,358 when including outlying U.S. territories.[74]

May 18, 1921 (Wednesday)

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Governor Catts
  • Former Florida Governor Sidney J. Catts was indicted in the U.S. District Court at Pensacola for his policy of peonage (forced servitude to pay a debt) for African-Americans under his employ. According to the indictment, Catts used his power of pardon to release two black men from the Florida state prison camp and had them transferred to his plantation in Walton County for involuntary servitude.[75]
  • Born: Patrick Dennis, U.S. writer, in Chicago[76] (died 1976)
  • Died: Franklin K. Lane, 56, former U.S. Secretary of the Interior[77]

May 19, 1921 (Thursday)

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  • U.S. President Warren G. Harding signed the Emergency Quota Act, also known as the Dillingham Immigration Bill into law, limiting annual immigration from individual nations to no more than the number of people who had immigrated to America from those nations in 1910.[78]
  • The first electrically propelled American ship, the Eclipse, arrived back in New York after a successful 26,500 miles (42,600 km) voyage on electric power.[59]
  • The Republic of China filed a protest against the United Kingdom after the UK elected to renew the Anglo-Japanese alliance, which had been set to expire on July 1.[59]
  • Marie Curie was presented the Gold Medal of the National Institute of Social Sciences at a ceremony in New York.[79]
 
Chief Justice White

May 20, 1921 (Friday)

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President Zayas

May 21, 1921 (Saturday)

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May 22, 1921 (Sunday)

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May 23, 1921 (Monday)

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  • The Leipzig War Crimes Trials opened in Germany, starting with the trial of Sergeant Karl Heynen, the commandant of a prisoner of war camp in Münstereins in Westphalia, for his brutal treatment of British POWs, 16 of whom appeared as witnesses for the prosecution. According to a report from the scene, "it was the first time the former soldiers had seen their tormentor since 1915."[88]
  • Rioting broke out at Alexandria in Egypt, with 48 people killed and 191 injured [89] before police suppressed the violence. The fighting had broken out on Sunday night when, according to an Associated Press report, "trouble started between low-class Greeks and natives on Anastasia Street from an unknown cause. The indiscriminate fighting and revolver shooting there spread to other districts.[90]
  • Born: Humphrey Lyttelton, English jazz musician and broadcaster, in London (died 2008)[91]

May 24, 1921 (Tuesday)

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May 25, 1921 (Wednesday)

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Fire at The Custom House

May 26, 1921 (Thursday)

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  • France's Prime Minister Aristide Briand won a vote of confidence, 403 to 163, as a test of his policy of moderation toward Germany.[100]
  • In one of Germany's first war crimes convictions, under trials held at Leipzig since Germany had signed the Treaty of Versailles, a German court convicted a former Army sergeant and imposed a ten month sentence.[59]
  • A general strike was proclaimed in Norway, in support of seamen threatened with a 30% wage cut.[101]
 
Rickenbacker
  • American aviator Eddie Rickenbacker narrowly escaped getting killed when his airplane crashed in Cheyenne, Wyoming, while he was attempting a transcontinental flight. Rickenbacker had departed from Redwood City, California at 8:32 in the morning and, while over Reno, Nevada and Salt Lake City, Utah, he dropped leaflets over both cities, each a copy of a Memorial Day address made by the leader of the American Legion. Though prepared for a 24-hour flight to Washington DC, with 330 US gallons (1,200 L; 270 imp gal) of gasoline and 30 gallons of oil, Rickenbacker experienced trouble as he approached the Cheyenne airport and his airplane flipped over on a hard landing.[102] Using another plane, Rickenbacker completed his flight two days later [103] and would live 52 more years, passing away in 1973.

May 27, 1921 (Friday)

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  • The discovery of the body of Anna Brown in a ravine in Osage County, Oklahoma, United States, led to a large-scale murder investigation of the Osage Indian murders, potentially involving hundreds of victims over a twenty-year period.[104]
  • The state of emergency in the United Kingdom was renewed by royal proclamation in response to the continuation of the miners' strike.[105][106]
  • Menshevik soldiers who called themselves the "Kappell troops" in honor of the late Menshevik General Vladimir Kappel, seized control of the Bolshevik government in the eastern Russian port of Vladivostok, flying the Russian Imperial flag at public buildings. The Mensheviks had captured the city of Ussuriysk (at the time called Nikolsk) on May 21.[107]
  • The Emergency Tariff bill took effect immediately in the U.S. after being signed into law by President Harding.[59]
  • British Army troops arrived at Oppeln, the capital of Upper Silesia, in a region which had recently voted in a plebiscite to become part of Germany rather than Poland. The peacekeeping force, meant to prevent fighting between the German and Polish ethnic communities, brought with it airplanes, tanks and other armored equipment.[59]

May 28, 1921 (Saturday)

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A Curtiss Eagle airliner

May 29, 1921 (Sunday)

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May 30, 1921 (Monday)

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  • Germany completed its latest annual payment of one billion gold marks to the Allied Reparations Commission, with a final deposit of twenty treasury notes worth ten million marks apiece, one day ahead of the scheduled May 31 deadline.[112]
  • The All-Russian Communist Party Congress approved a proposal by Party Secretary Vladimir Lenin for economic reform that included limited capitalism for small businesses. Finance for the Soviet government was made by a one-third tax on income, with peasants being assessed on the one-third value of their assets. The Party maintained state control of the transportation, textile, leather and salt industries.[59]
  • Ethnic fighting between Upper Silesian Germans and Poles took place at Beuthen, whose residents had voted in favor of remaining part of Germany in the recent plebiscite. There were 400 casualties. The city would become part of Poland after World War II and renamed Bytom.[113]
  • Seventeen underground miners at Meuselwitz in Germany were killed when a sudden downpour caused a flash flood of the Schnauder River.[114]
  • The Indianapolis 500 was won by Tommy Milton.[115][116]
  • Born: Jamie Uys, South African film director, in Boksburg[117] (died 1996)

May 31, 1921 (Tuesday)

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  • The Tulsa race riot began as white mobs attacked black residents and businesses in the Greenwood District of Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States. 26 black and 10 white people were killed; it is estimated that 150–200 black and 50 white people were injured.[118]
  • The U.S. Railway Labor Board announced that railwaymen's wages would be reduced on July 1 by an average of 12%.[59]

References

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  1. ^ Segev, Tom (1999). One Palestine, Complete. Metropolitan Books. pp. 173–190. ISBN 0-8050-4848-0.
  2. ^ "Jaffa Fighting Continues", The New York Times, May 5, 1921, p. 1
  3. ^ "Bonner, Rev. Carey, (1 May 1859–16 June 1938), President Baptist Union of Great Britain and Ireland, 1931–32; General Secretary the National Sunday School Union 1900–30, and President, 1921–22; Joint-Secretary World's Sunday School Association, 1907–21", Who Was Who, Oxford University Press, 2007-12-01, doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u206343, retrieved 2023-08-03
  4. ^ a b c d e f The American Review of Reviews Volume 63 (June, 1921) pp585-590
  5. ^ Włodzimierz Kalicki (2 May 2005). "2 V 1921. III powstanie śląskie". wyborcza.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 31 December 2019.
  6. ^ "Puts Upper Silesia Under Martial Law", The New York Times, May 4, 1921, p. 3
  7. ^ "LA AVIACIÓN EN EL CERRO DE PASCO (Cuarta parte)" [THE AVIATION IN THE CERRO DE PASCO (Part Four)]. PUEBLO MÁRTIR – César Pérez Arauco (in Spanish). July 31, 2015.
  8. ^ "Buford Rescues Crew of Japanese Freighter— United States Transport Saves Seamen From Burning Ship Out in the Pacific", The New York Times, May 3, 1921, p. 5
  9. ^ "Imperial and Foreign News Items". The Times. No. 42712. London. 5 May 1921. col G, p. 9.
  10. ^ Seton, Marie (1971). Satyajit Ray: Portrait of a director. Indiana University Press. p. 36. ISBN 978-0-253-16815-3.
  11. ^ Anita Shapira (17 December 2014). Yosef Haim Brenner: A Life. Stanford University Press. pp. 363–366. ISBN 978-0-8047-9313-1.
  12. ^ Alvin Jackson, Home Rule – An Irish History, Oxford University Press, 2004, pp368-370.
  13. ^ "Will Bring to Trial Every Draft Evader; Weeks Says It Is Only in Justice to Millions Who Responded for Service", The New York Times, May 4, 1921, p. 10
  14. ^ "More Mistakes in the Slacker List", The New York Times, May 7, 1921, p. 1
  15. ^ "Navy Officer Listed as Draft Dodger; Weeks Apologizes", The New York Times, May 8, 1921, p. 1
  16. ^ "Move in Congress to Halt Draft Lists; Senator Stanley Introduces Bill to Compel Proof of Guilt Before Publication", The New York Times, May 21, 1921, p. 1
  17. ^ "U.S. Steel Reduces Wages of 150,000 about 20 Per Cent", The New York Times, May 4, 1921, p. 1
  18. ^ Public Affairs Information Service (1926). Public Affairs Information Service Bulletin. Public Affairs Information Service. p. 343.
  19. ^ "South Africa: Area and Population", in The Statesman's Year-Book 1986-87, ed. by John Paxton (The Macmillan Press Ltd, 1986) p1067
  20. ^ To the Masses: Proceedings of the Third Congress of the Communist International, 1921. BRILL. 13 February 2015. p. 1111. ISBN 978-90-04-28803-4.
  21. ^ "Immigration Bill Passed by Senate", The New York Times, May 4, 1921, p. 1
  22. ^ Robinson, Sugar Ray, and Anderson, Dave. Sugar Ray, London: Da Capo Press, 1994 ISBN 0-306-80574-X Page 7
  23. ^ "Dr. W. R. Brooks Dies; Noted Astronomer", The New York Times, May 4, 1921, p. 2
  24. ^ "German Cabinet Resigns Office as Allies Complete Their Ultimatum; French Troops Moving Toward Ruhr", The New York Times, May 5, 1921, p. 1
  25. ^ Edo Murtić; Božo Bek (1958). Edo Murtić. Naprijed.
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  27. ^ "Ulster's Premier Meets De Valera", The New York Times, May 6, 1921, p. 1
  28. ^ "Two grounds have doubled up on staging League matches on the same day". footballsite.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2013-07-31. Retrieved 2012-05-08.
  29. ^ Fritz Henriksson (1938). The Nobel prizes and their founder, Alfred Nobel. Printed by A. Bonniers boktryckeri. p. 28.
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  32. ^ "Reputed Inventor of the Movies Dies; W. Friese Greene, Unrewarded for His Discoveries, Expires Suddenly in London", The New York Times, May 7, 1921, p. 11
  33. ^ "Behave Yourself Wins Kentucky Derby After Thrilling Race", Indianapolis Sunday Star, May 8, 1921, p.3-1
  34. ^ Richard Sowers (7 February 2014). The Kentucky Derby, Preakness and Belmont Stakes: A Comprehensive History. McFarland. p. 405. ISBN 978-0-7864-7698-5.
  35. ^ Jones, Nigel (15 March 2016). "Asa Briggs obituary". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 15 March 2016.
  36. ^ "Sweden Ends Capital Punishment", The New York Times, May 9, 1921, p. 5
  37. ^ "League Board Gives Alands to Finland— Islanders Will Present Names for Governor General— American, Belgian and Swiss Make the Award", The New York Times, May 11, 1921, p. 2
  38. ^ 1921: El primer duelo entre atléticos, (1921: The first duel between the Athletics), RFEF (in Spanish),
  39. ^ "Ovation in London for Prince Hirohito", The New York Times, May 10, 1921, p. 14
  40. ^ "Einstein Receives Princeton Degree", The New York Times, May 10, 1921, p. 14
  41. ^ Lucrezia De Domizio Durini (2001). Joseph Beuys: sculptor of souls : olivestone. Silvana. p. 185. ISBN 978-88-8215-316-8.
  42. ^ "William H. Frankhauser, in Congress, a Suicide", The New York Times, May 10, 1921, p. 6
  43. ^ Stephen J. Lee (13 September 2013). The Weimar Republic. Routledge. p. 58. ISBN 978-1-134-72102-3.
  44. ^ "List of the New German Cabinet Formed by Dr. Wirth With Himself as Chancellor and Foreign Minister", The New York Times, May 11, 1921, p. 1
  45. ^ "Reichstag, 221 to 175, Yields to Allies; Accepts Cabinet Headed by Wirth", The New York Times, May 11, 1921, p. 1
  46. ^ Susan Bassnett; Jennifer Lorch (18 March 2014). Luigi Pirandello in the Theatre. Routledge. p. 55. ISBN 978-1-134-35114-5.
  47. ^ "Germany's Surrender Unconditional; Commons Cheers News by Premier; France Ready to Keep Army Ready to Advance", The New York Times, May 12, 1921, p. 1
  48. ^ Sir Chettur Sankaran Nair (1 January 2000). Gandhi and Anarchy. Chettur Sankaran Nair Foundation. p. 205.
  49. ^ "Charlie Chaplin Is Painfully Burned When He Upsets Torch in Making New Picture", The New York Times, May 11, 1921, p. 1
  50. ^ "Chaplin, Film Comedian, Is Badly Burned", Chicago Tribune, May 11, 1921, p. 1
  51. ^ "Charlie Chaplin Hurt— Painfully But Not Seriously Burned in Studio", Montreal Gazette, May 11, 1921, p. 1
  52. ^ Charlie Chaplin, My Autobiography (The Bodley Head, 1964; reprinted by Melville House Publishing, 2012)
  53. ^ "Grieves for His Trousers", The New York Times, May 12, 1921, p. 22
  54. ^ "History of Romanian Communism", Part 3: "Autoritatile pierd procesul" ("The Authorities Lose the Trial") by Marius Tucă, Jurnalul Național (National Journal) (Bucharest), October 13, 2004
  55. ^ Sandra Martin, The Globe and Mail. September 4, 2019.
  56. ^ "The Rev. George W. Clinton", The New York Times, May 13, 1921, p. 15
  57. ^ "Spanish Authoress Dies", The New York Times, May 13, 1921, p. 15
  58. ^ "Sinn Fein Sweeps Southern Ireland— Elects 124 Members to New Parliament, but They Won't Take Their Seats; Half of Them Are in Jail", The New York Times, May 14, 1921, p. 1
  59. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l The American Review of Reviews, Volume 64 (July, 1921) pp25-28
  60. ^ "Corporate Profile", Komatsu.com
  61. ^ "Six Feared Dead in Wreck of Barge in Lake Storm", New York Tribune, May 15, 1921, p. 1
  62. ^ "Sunspot Aurora Paralyzes Wires— Unprecedented Disturbance Is Attributed to Solar Manifestations", The New York Times, May 15, 1921, p. 1
  63. ^ Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Priestley and Weale. 1922. p. 556.
  64. ^ "Magnetic Tremors Expected to Pass Within 48 Hours", The New York Times, May 16, 1921, p. 1
  65. ^ "Cables Damaged by Sunspot Aurora", The New York Times, May 17, 1921, p. 1
  66. ^ "Giolitti Coalition Wins the Election", The New York Times, May 18, 1921, p. 3
  67. ^ R. J. B. Bosworth, Mussolini's Italy (Penguin Books, 2005) p149
  68. ^ Gunston, Bill, ed., Aviation: Year by Year, London: Amber Books Limited, 2001, cited at Wings Over Kansas: Aviation History: Aviation History Facts: May Archived 2012-02-04 at the Wayback Machine
  69. ^ "Girl Flier Makes 199 Loop the Loops", The New York Times, May 16, 1921, p. 7
  70. ^ Roger East (1998). Whitaker's Almanack World Heads of Government, 1998. Stationery Office. p. 259. ISBN 978-0-11-702205-8.
  71. ^ Czechoslovak Foreign Trade. Rapid, Czechoslovak Advertising Agency. 1981. p. 6.
  72. ^ "Czechs Turn to Lenin", The New York Times, May 18, 1921, p. 3
  73. ^ The Ministry of Labour Gazette. H.M. Stationery Office. 1921. p. 327.
  74. ^ "Final Figures Put Population Of the Nation at 105,710,620", The New York Times, May 18, 1921, p. 1
  75. ^ "Ex-Gov. Catts Indicted for Florida Peonage; Charge Pardoned Men Were Forced to Work", The New York Times, May 19, 1921, p. 1
  76. ^ Cook County, Illinois Certificate of Birth No. 66648 https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.3.1/TH-267-12569-7046-12?cc=1462519
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  79. ^ "Scientists' Medal Given Mme. Curie", The New York Times, May 20, 1921, p. 3
  80. ^ "Chief Justice White Is Dead at Age of 75 After an Operation", The New York Times, May 19, 1921, p. 1
  81. ^ "Zayas Inaugurated as Cuban President", The New York Times, May 21, 1921, p. 1
  82. ^ "Mingo Feud Zone Under Martial Law", The New York Times, May 21, 1921, p. 1
  83. ^ "About Us", Wonder Bread corporate website
  84. ^ advertisement for "Taggart's Wonder Bread", in Indianapolis News, May 21, 1921, p.3
  85. ^ e.g., "Just remember this—you'll never find A WONDER of a better kind", ad in Indianapolis News, May 20, 1921, p.48
  86. ^ "Sakharov Human Rights Prize 25th anniversary marked in US". Voice of America. 15 January 2014.
  87. ^ "Harlem Renaissance", by Christopher George Buck, in Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity and Society, ed. by Richard T. Schaefer (SAGE Publications, 2008) p558
  88. ^ "Atrocities in Prison Camps Told in Trial", International News Service report in Buffalo Enquirer, May 24, 1921, p. 1
  89. ^ "Alexandria Quieting Down— Rioting Casualties Are 12 Europeans and 36 Natives Killed; 191 Wounded", The New York Times, May 25, 1921, p. 9
  90. ^ "Egyptian Rioting Costs 37 Lives", The New York Times, May 24, 1921, p. 1
  91. ^ George Melly; Hardy, Jeremy; Fordham, John (28 April 2008). "Humphrey Lyttelton—Masterly jazz musician and broadcaster who chaired Radio 4's I'm Sorry I Haven't a Clue with wit and charm". The Guardian. Retrieved 28 April 2008.
  92. ^ "Unionists Sweep Ulster Counties; Belfast in Frenzy", The New York Times, May 27, 1921, p. 1
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  94. ^ "Belfast Fights, Parades and Votes in First Election", The New York Times, May 25, 1921, p. 1
  95. ^ "Robison to Govern in Santo Domingo", The New York Times, May 25, 1921, p. 3
  96. ^ "Sinn Feiners Burn Dublin Custom House; Fight Pitched Battle in the Streets; 18 Killed or Wounded, 111 Prisoners", The New York Times, May 26, 1921, p. 1
  97. ^ Foy, Michael T. (2006). Michael Collins's Intelligence War. pp. 214–218. ISBN 0-7509-4267-3.
  98. ^ Hoerburger, Rob (1 September 2012). "Hal David, Songwriter, Is Dead at 91". The New York Times. Retrieved 1 September 2012.
  99. ^   One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Combes, Émile". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 751–752.
  100. ^ "Briand Wins Fight in French Chamber by 403 Votes to 163", The New York Times, May 27, 1921, p. 1
  101. ^ The Labour International Year Book. 1923. p. 100.
  102. ^ "Rickenbacker Wrecks Plane in Long Flight— Aviator Narrowly Escapes Death in Landing at Cheyenne on Cross-Continent Trip", The New York Times, May 27, 1921, p. 2
  103. ^ "Rickenbacker Ends Continental Flight", The New York Times, May 28, 1921, p. 6
  104. ^ Grann, David. Killers of the Flower Moon: the Osage Murders and the Birth of the FBI. p. 307-308. Vintage, 2017.
  105. ^ Great Britain. Parliament. House of Lords (1921). The Parliamentary Debates (official Report).: House of Lords. H.M. Stationery Office. p. 415.
  106. ^ "Britain May Extend Irish Martial Law", The New York Times, May 29, 1921, p. 3
  107. ^ "Anti-Bolsheviki Take Vladivostok; Fly Imperial Flag— Kappel Troops Are in Possession, Although Fighting Is Still Going On", The New York Times, May 28, 1921, p. 1
  108. ^ "Seven Die in Crash of Ambulance Plane As Potomac Storm Downs Army Fliers", The New York Times, May 30, 1921, p. 1
  109. ^ Gerry Van Houten (1982). Canada's Party of Socialism: History of the Communist Party of Canada, 1921-1976. Progress Books. p. xiv. ISBN 978-0-919396-46-3.
  110. ^ "Salzburg a Unit for German Union; Referendum Vote Taken Despite Chancellor's Warning", The New York Times, May 30, 1921, p. 3
  111. ^ Gérard Goy (29 October 2015). Tours 1914 à 1925. Editions Publibook. pp. 321–2. ISBN 978-2-342-04401-0.
  112. ^ "Germany Begins to Pay; Reparations Commission Receives the Billion Gold Marks Due Today", by Edwin L. James, The New York Times, May 31, 1921, p. 1
  113. ^ "Germans and Poles Break Armistice", The New York Times, May 31, 1921, p. 1
  114. ^ "Seventeen Persons Lose Lives As Storm Floods German Mine", The New York Times, May 31, 1921, p. 1
  115. ^ Fox, Jack C. (1994). The Illustrated History of the Indianapolis 500 1911-1994 (4th ed.). Carl Hungness Publishing. p. 22. ISBN 0-915088-05-3.
  116. ^ "Milton Captures 500-Mile Classic", The New York Times, May 31, 1921, p. 21
  117. ^ Harris M. Lentz (III.) (1996). Obituaries in the Performing Arts. McFarland & Company. p. 198. ISBN 978-0-7864-0302-8.
  118. ^ Oklahoma Commission (February 28, 2001), "Final Report" (PDF), Oklahoma Commission to Study the Tulsa Race Riot of 1921, Tulsa, Oklahoma, retrieved June 20, 2018{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
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