Maychew, also Maichew (Tigrinya: ማይጨው, "salt water"), is a town and woreda in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia. It is located at 665 km north of Addis Ababa along Ethiopian Highway 2. According to Ethiopia’s agro-ecological setting, Maychew and its environs are classified under the Weinadega (semi-temperate zone). Maychew is located in the endoreic basin of the Afar Triangle. The streams near Maychew do not reach the ocean.
Maychew
ማይጨው (salt water) | |
|---|---|
Town and Woreda | |
  Maychew Location within Ethiopia .svg) Maychew Location within the Horn of Africa  Maychew Location within Africa | |
| Coordinates: 12°47′N 39°32′E / 12.783°N 39.533°E | |
| Country |  Ethiopia |
| Region |  Tigray |
| Zone | Debubawi (Southern) |
| Elevation | 2,479 m (8,133 ft) |
| Population (2007) | |
• Total | 23,419 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (EAT) |
History
editAfter his capture in 1921 by Gugsa Araya Selassie,[citation needed] the deposed Lij Iyasu was detained for two weeks at Maychew.[1]
Near Maychew, on March 31, 1936, the conclusive battle of the Italian invasion of Ethiopia was fought. By means of more sophisticated and powerful weaponry and superior numbers, along with modern training, the Italians routed the Ethiopian forces, and six weeks later marched unopposed into the capital, Addis Ababa. The battle of Maychew was despairing for the emperor.
During the Italian occupation, the inhabitants included about 500 local population and 22 Italians. Facilities included telephone service, an infirmary, a gas station, restaurant, and a Tuesday market.[2]
In the early years of the Ethiopian Civil War, the Derg required that all vehicles travelling north from Maychew be restricted to convoys. By 1980, convoys were deemed necessary to move even the 20 kilometers from Maychew to Mehoni. During the 1984 - 1985 famine in Ethiopia, the commander of the First Division, Colonel Hailu Gebre Yohannis, ordered the theft of food stocks from the NGO World Vision in Maychew to feed his hungry troops. By 8 September 1989, Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front forces had captured Maychew and Korem, and afterwards advanced along the main highway southwards.[2]
Between February 1999 and April 2000, SUR Construction built a road segments connecting Maychew with Alamata by way of Mehoni about 68 kilometers in length.[3] A notable landmark in this town is the church Maychew Mikael Bete Kristiyan.
Demographics
editThe population comprises mainly Tigraians. Amharic is frequently used as trade language. Tigraians are dominantly Orthodox Christians.[4] Based on the 2007 national census conducted by the Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia (CSA), this town has a total population of 23,419, of whom 11,024 are men and 12,395 women. 95.28% of the population said they were Orthodox Christians, and 4.24% were Muslim.[5]
The 1994 census reported it had a total population of 19,757 of whom 8,894 were men and 10,863 were women.
Climate
edit| Climate data for Maychew, elevation 2,380 m (7,810 ft), (1971–2000) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 23.6 (74.5) |
23.1 (73.6) |
24.4 (75.9) |
24.4 (75.9) |
28.6 (83.5) |
29.6 (85.3) |
24.1 (75.4) |
24.1 (75.4) |
24.9 (76.8) |
24.6 (76.3) |
25.9 (78.6) |
23.4 (74.1) |
25.1 (77.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 5.5 (41.9) |
6.1 (43.0) |
8.1 (46.6) |
10.1 (50.2) |
9.0 (48.2) |
11.2 (52.2) |
12.9 (55.2) |
12.0 (53.6) |
9.2 (48.6) |
5.4 (41.7) |
4.8 (40.6) |
5.0 (41.0) |
8.3 (46.9) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 13.0 (0.51) |
23.0 (0.91) |
58.0 (2.28) |
92.0 (3.62) |
48.0 (1.89) |
16.0 (0.63) |
203.0 (7.99) |
211.0 (8.31) |
80.0 (3.15) |
39.0 (1.54) |
35.0 (1.38) |
15.0 (0.59) |
833 (32.8) |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 54 | 51 | 52 | 49 | 44 | 47 | 73 | 78 | 59 | 50 | 55 | 54 | 56 |
| Source: FAO[6] | |||||||||||||
References
edit- ^ Harold Marcus, Haile Sellassie I: The Formative Years (Lawrenceville: Red Sea Press, 1996), pp. 47f
- ^ a b "Local History of Ethiopia" The Nordic Africa Institute website (accessed 22 April 2022)
- ^ "SUR Construction PLC - Major Projects" Archived 2010-02-26 at the Wayback Machine, SUR Construction webpage (accessed 6 May 2010
- ^ Nyssen, J. and colleagues (2019). At the edge between Ethiopian plateau and Rift Valley. In: Nyssen, J., Biadgilgn Demissie, Tesfaalem Ghebreyohannes (eds.). Land, water, people and landscapes in north Ethiopia's grabens, pp. 48-54. VLIR-UOS, Mekelle University, Ghent University, KU Leuven. ISBN 9789082922226.
- ^ Census 2007 Tables: Tigray Region Archived November 14, 2010, at the Wayback Machine, Tables 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.4.
- ^ "CLIMWAT climatic database". Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations. Retrieved 22 June 2024.