Meacham syndrome is a rare genetic disorder which is characterized by lung, diaphragmatic and genitourinary anomalies.[1]
| Meacham syndrome | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Double vagina, cardiac, pulmonary, and other genital malformations with 46,XY karyotype, Meacham Winn Culler syndrome |
| Specialty | Medical genetics, Pediatry |
| Symptoms | Affecting the lungs, kidneys, and genitalia. |
| Complications | Respiratory arrest |
| Usual onset | Birth |
| Duration | Not applicable |
| Causes | Genetic mutation |
| Prognosis | Poor to Medium |
| Frequency | Rare, only 12 cases have been reported |
Signs and symptoms
editOften people with this condition are born with both underdeveloped lungs and a herniated diaphragm.
Urinary symptoms include a horseshoe kidney
Genital symptoms are different according to the biological sex of the baby, genetic males (46,XY) usually have pseudohermaphroditism, ambiguous genitalia, and perineal hypospadias. Genetic females (46,XX) often have septate uterus and duplication of the vagina. In some cases, karyotype is needed to know the biological sex of the baby.[2][3]
Additional symptoms include neoplasm, cryptorchidism, ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, hernia, patent ductus arteriosus, Tetralogy of Fallot, and penile hypoplasia.[4]
Causes
editThis condition is caused by an autosomal dominant missense mutation in the WT1 gene, in chromosome 11. This was found through two half-siblings reported by Suri et al.[5]
Epidemiology
editAccording to OMIM,[6] only 12 cases have been described in medical literature.[7][8][9][10]
References
edit- ^ "Meacham Winn Culler syndrome - About the Disease - Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center". rarediseases.info.nih.gov. Archived from the original on 2023-01-04. Retrieved 2022-06-29.
- ^ "OMIM Clinical Synopsis - #608978 - Meacham Syndrome". omim.org. Retrieved 2022-06-29.
- ^ "Orphanet: Meacham syndrome". www.orpha.net. Retrieved 2022-06-29.
- ^ "Meacham Syndrome". www.mendelian.co. 2022-06-29. Retrieved 2022-06-29.
- ^ Suri, Mohnish; Kelehan, Peter; O'neill, David; Vadeyar, Shantala; Grant, Judith; Ahmed, S. Faisal; Tolmie, John; McCann, Emma; Lam, Wayne; Smith, Shirley; Fitzpatrick, David (2007-10-01). "WT1 mutations in Meacham syndrome suggest a coelomic mesothelial origin of the cardiac and diaphragmatic malformations". American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part A. 143A (19): 2312–2320. doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.31924. ISSN 1552-4825. PMID 17853480. S2CID 20548643.
- ^ "OMIM Entry - # 608978 - Meacham Syndrome". www.omim.org. Retrieved 2022-06-29.
- ^ Meacham, L. R.; Winn, K. J.; Culler, F. L.; Parks, J. S. (1991-12-15). "Double vagina, cardiac, pulmonary, and other genital malformations with 46,XY karyotype". American Journal of Medical Genetics. 41 (4): 478–481. doi:10.1002/ajmg.1320410420. ISSN 0148-7299. PMID 1844355.
- ^ "OMIM Entry - # 608978 - Meacham Syndrome". www.omim.org. Retrieved 2022-06-29.
- ^ Killeen, Orla G.; Kelehan, Peter; Reardon, William (2002-01-01). "Double vagina with sex reversal, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, pulmonary and cardiac malformations--another case of Meacham syndrome". Clinical Dysmorphology. 11 (1): 25–28. doi:10.1097/00019605-200201000-00005. ISSN 0962-8827. PMID 11822701.
- ^ Suri, Mohnish; Kelehan, Peter; O'neill, David; Vadeyar, Shantala; Grant, Judith; Ahmed, S. Faisal; Tolmie, John; McCann, Emma; Lam, Wayne; Smith, Shirley; Fitzpatrick, David (2007-10-01). "WT1 mutations in Meacham syndrome suggest a coelomic mesothelial origin of the cardiac and diaphragmatic malformations". American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part A. 143A (19): 2312–2320. doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.31924. ISSN 1552-4825. PMID 17853480. S2CID 20548643.