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Meiothermus

Meiothermus is a genus of Deinococcota bacteria.[1] [2] Members of Meiothermus can be reliably distinguished from other genera in the family Thermaceae as well as all other bacteria by the presence of three conserved signature indels (CSIs) found in the proteins: 5-methyltetrahydrofolate–homocysteine methyltransferase, cadmium transporter and polynucleotide phosphorylase and are exclusively shared by species of this genus.[3] Meiothermus is also different than the Thermus genus, which it was originally a member of, in their optimum growth temperatures, with Meiothermus being able to grow in colder environments. Meiothermus was first isolated with Thermus in alkaline and neutral hot springs in Kamchatka, Russia and Yellowstone National Park, USA.

Meiothermus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Deinococcota
Class: Deinococci
Order: Thermales
Family: Thermaceae
Genus: Meiothermus
Nobre et al. 1996 emend. Albuquerque et al. 2009
Type species
Meiothermus ruber
(Loginova et al. 1984) Nobre et al. 1996
Species
  • M. cateniformans
  • M. cerbereus
  • M. granaticius
  • M. hypogaeus
  • M. luteus
  • M. rosaceus
  • M. ruber
  • M. rufus
  • M. taiwanensis
Thermophiles at Grand Prismatic Spring

Characteristics

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Meiothermus species of bacteria are gram-negative and are primarily chemoorganoheterotrophs, and some species can use nitrate as an electron acceptor.[4] The Meiothermus genus was originally proposed to group together several moderately thermophilic organisms that were in the Thermus genus. It was later differentiated and made its own genus. Meiothermus are mostly distinguishable from Thermus by the lower bound of their optimum growth temperatures, 50-60 °C for Meiothermus and 70 °C for Thermus. Also, in Meiothermus, the presence of two glycolipid bands is seen whereas Thermus species only contain one.[5] Thermus also contains eight conserved signature indels (CSIs) compared to the three that Meiothermus has. The optimal pH range for Meiothermus growth is in the range of 7.5–9.5.[6] Meiothermus is a genus of bacteria that can only exist in aerobic environments. Most Meiothermus species have a red pigmentation with the exception of M. chilarophilus which has a yellow color.[7] Some Meiothermus species can also form biofilms and stick to surfaces using specific adhesion organelles.[8]

Habitats

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Meiothermus is a thermophilic genus of bacteria.Thermophiles are strains of bacteria that exist in environments that range from 45 °C to around 80 °C.[7] Meiothermus in particular is best suited to ranges of 50-60 °C.[5] Meiothermus is a strictly aerobic bacteria, needing oxygen for many of its processes.[9]

They also live inside the gut of some Antarctic polychaete worms (Leitoscoloplos geminus, Aphelochaeta palmeri, and Aglaophamus trissophyllus), where they make up a significant part of the worms' microbiome and produce antifreeze proteins that prevents ice formation within their cells and tissues.[10]

Metabolism

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Some species of Meiothermus have the ability to break down keratin at much a rate much higher than natural rates. These keratinolytic processes performed by Meiothermus species like the common M. ruber lead to production of amino acids that can be used by the environment.[6] Meiothermus can use other organic substrates like starch, disaccharides, amino acids and others as a carbon and energy source.[4]

Phylogeny

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See also: Bacterial taxonomy

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LSPN) [1] and the National Center for Biotechnology Information.[2]

Unassigned species:

16S rRNA based LTP_08_2023[11][12][13] 120 marker proteins based GTDB 08-RS214[14][15][16]

M. granaticius Albuquerque et al. 2010

M. hypogaeus Mori et al. 2012

M. rufus Albuquerque et al. 2010

M. luteus Habib et al. 2017

M. cateniformans Zhang et al. 2010

M. taiwanensis Chen et al. 2002

M. cerbereus Chung et al. 1997

M. ruber (Loginova et al. 1984) Nobre et al. 1996 (type sp.)

M. granaticius

M. luteus

M. rufus

M. hypogaeus

M. cerbereus

M. ruber

M. taiwanensis

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b J.P. Euzéby. "Meiothermus". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved 2022-07-20.
  2. ^ a b Sayers; et al. "Meiothermus". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved 2018-07-20.
  3. ^ Ho, Jonathan; Adeolu, Mobolaji; Khadka, Bijendra; Gupta, Radhey S. (October 2016). "Identification of distinctive molecular traits that are characteristic of the phylum "Deinococcus-Thermus" and distinguish its main constituent groups". Systematic and Applied Microbiology. 39 (7): 453–463. doi:10.1016/j.syapm.2016.07.003. ISSN 0723-2020. PMID 27506333.
  4. ^ a b da Costa, Milton S; Nobre, M Fernanda; Wait, Robin (2006-01-01), 6 Analysis of Lipids from Extremophilic Bacteria, Methods in Microbiology, vol. 35, Academic Press, pp. 127–159, doi:10.1016/S0580-9517(08)70009-6, ISBN 9780125215374, retrieved 2022-11-10
  5. ^ a b Ferreira, Ana Margarida; Wait, Robin; Nobre, M. Fernanda; Costa, Milton S. daYR 1999 (1999). "Characterization of glycolipids from Meiothermus spp". Microbiology. 145 (5): 1191–1199. doi:10.1099/13500872-145-5-1191. ISSN 1465-2080. PMID 10376835.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  6. ^ a b Matsui, Tatsunobu; Yamada, Yukie; Mitsuya, Hideki; Shigeri, Yasushi; Yoshida, Yasukazu; Saito, Yoshiro; Matsui, Hiroshi; Watanabe, Kunihiko (2009-04-01). "Sustainable and practical degradation of intact chicken feathers by cultivating a newly isolated thermophilic Meiothermus ruber H328". Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 82 (5): 941–950. doi:10.1007/s00253-009-1880-4. ISSN 1432-0614. PMID 19194700. S2CID 25880408.
  7. ^ a b Bergey, D. H. (July 1919). "Thermophilic Bacteria". Journal of Bacteriology. 4 (4): 301–306. doi:10.1128/jb.4.4.301-306.1919. ISSN 0021-9193. PMC 378811. PMID 16558843.
  8. ^ Raulio, Mari; Järn, Mikael; Ahola, Juhana; Peltonen, Jouko; Rosenholm, Jarl B.; Tervakangas, Sanna; Kolehmainen, Jukka; Ruokolainen, Timo; Narko, Pekka; Salkinoja-Salonen, Mirja (July 2008). "Microbe repelling coated stainless steel analysed by field emission scanning electron microscopy and physicochemical methods". Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology. 35 (7): 751–760. doi:10.1007/s10295-008-0343-8. ISSN 1367-5435. PMID 18379832. S2CID 19876087.
  9. ^ Mark D. Spanevello, Bharat K.C. Patel, The phylogenetic diversity of Thermus and Meiothermus from microbial mats of an Australian subsurface aquifer runoff channel, FEMS Microbiology Ecology, Volume 50, Issue 1, October 2004, Pages 63–73, doi:10.1016/j.femsec.2004.05.008
  10. ^ Resistance to freezing conditions of endemic Antarctic polychaetes is enhanced by cryoprotective proteins produced by their microbiome
  11. ^ "The LTP". Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  12. ^ "LTP_all tree in newick format". Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  13. ^ "LTP_08_2023 Release Notes" (PDF). Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  14. ^ "GTDB release 08-RS214". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  15. ^ "bac120_r214.sp_label". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  16. ^ "Taxon History". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.


 

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