Melanopsis fossilis is an extinct species of sea snail, a freshwater gastropod mollusk in the family Melanopsidae.[1]
| Melanopsis fossilis | |
|---|---|
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| Shell of Melanopsis fossilis | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Superfamily: | Cerithioidea |
| Family: | Melanopsidae |
| Genus: | Melanopsis |
| Species: | M. fossilis
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| Binomial name | |
| Melanopsis fossilis (Gmelin, 1791)
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| Synonyms[1] | |
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Nomenclature
editThe taxon was first mentioned in the Catalogus by Walch (1768, p. 121, pl. C. II.*, figs 1-5), yet without name. Martini (1777, p. 203, pl. 94, figs 912-914) described and illustrated the species as Pyrum fossile monstrosum f. amorphon and referred to Walch's work. Martini's work is, however, not available according to Op. 184 of the Code. Gmelin (1791, p. 3485) referred to Martini's work, described the species and was the first to assign a valid name to the taxon ("Buccinum fossile").
Férussac (1823), who was the first to combine the species with Melanopsis, listed the records by Walch, Martini as well as Gmelin but apparently did not consider fossile a valid name and introduced Melanopsis martiniana as new name. That name is an objective synonym and thus permanently invalid (see also Pallary, 1916, p. 81).
Papp (1953) designated the specimen illustrated by Martini (1777, pl. 94, figs 913) as lectotype. Since Gmelin referred to the same specimens when describing the species, this designation is valid (see also Art. 74.5).
The last summary of the status of M. fossilis was provided by Fischer (1996), but his conclusions were unfortunately based on misinterpretations and nomenclatural errors. He was unaware of the fact that Melanopsis martiniana is an objective synonym of M. fossilis. Moreover, he considered the outcrops near Siegendorf as "Locus typicus restrictus", a term not existing in nomenclature.[1]
- Subspecies
- † Melanopsis fossilis coaequata Handmann, 1887
- † Melanopsis fossilis fossilis (Gmelin, 1791)
- † Melanopsis fossilis handmanniana W. Fischer, 1996
Distribution
editFossils of this marine species were found in Miocene strata in Moravia, Tsjech Republic; also in Hungary.
References
edit- ^ a b c MolluscaBase eds. (2023). MolluscaBase. Melanopsis fossilis (Gmelin, 1791) †. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=821990 on 2023-08-12
- de Férussac (A.E.J.P.F.) d'Audebart, 1823 - Histoire Naturelle Générale et particulière des Mollusques Terrestres et Fluviatiles, tant des espèces que l’on trouve aujourd’hui, que des dépouilles fossiles de celles qui n’existent plus, classées d’après les caractères essentiels que présentent ces animaux et leurs coquilles, livraison 21, p. publié le 27 septembre
- de Férussac (A.E.J.P.F.) d'Audebart, 1826 - Monographie der lebendigen und versteinerten Gattungen der Sippe Melanopsis, nebst geolog. bemersungen von Ferussac (gelesen 1822). Isis. Encyclopädische Zeitschrift, vorzüglich für Naturgeschichte, vergleichende Anatomie und Physiologie, t. 1, p. 41-50
- Deshayes (G.-P.), 1851 - Histoire Naturelle Générale et particulière des Mollusques Terrestres et Fluviatiles tant des espèces que l’on trouve aujourd’hui, que des dépouilles fossiles de celles qui n’existent plus, classées d’après les caractères essentiels que présentent ces animaux et leurs coquilles, livraison 42, p. 1-22, (23-24)
- Pallary (P.), 1916 - Observations relatives à la nomenclature des Melanopsis fossiles. Bulletin de la Société d’Histoire naturelle d’Afrique du Nord, t. 7, vol. 3, p. 70-87
- Pallary (P.), 1920 - Deuxième note sur la nomenclature des Melanopsis fossiles. Bulletin de la Société d’Histoire naturelle d’Afrique du Nord, t. 11, vol. 7, p. 104-119
- Fischer, W. (1996). Beiträge zur Kenntnis der rezenten und fossilen Melanopsidea V. Melanopsis handmanniana nov. nomen und Melanopsis fossilis (Gmelin 1790) (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia). Club Conchylia Informationen. 28 (1/2), 25-38
External links
edit- Gmelin, J. F. (1791). Vermes. In: Gmelin J.F. (Ed.) Caroli a Linnaei Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Ed. 13. Tome 1(6). G.E. Beer, Lipsiae
- Férussac, A. E. J. P. F. d'Audebard de. (1823). Monographie des espèces vivantes et fossiles du genre Mélanopside, Melanopsis, et observations géologiques à leur sujet. Mémoires de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Série 2. 1(1): 132-164, pl. 7-8. Paris
- Handmann, R. (1882). Die fossile Molluskenfauna von Kottingbrunn. Jahrbuch der k.k. Geologischen Reichsanstalt. 32, 543-564
- Handmann, R. (1887). Die fossile Conchylienfauna von Leobersdorf im Tertiärbecken von Wien. Aschendorff, Münster, 47 pp.
- Wenz, W. (1923-1930). Fossilium Catalogus I: Animalia. Gastropoda extramarina tertiaria. W. Junk, Berlin. Vol. I: 1-352 pp. (1923), Vol. II: 353-736 pp. (1923), Vol. III: 737-1068 pp. (1923), Vol. IV: 1069-1420 pp. (1923), Vol. V: 1421-1734 pp. (1923), Vol. VI: 1735-1862 pp. (1923), Vol. VII: 1863-2230 pp. (1926), Vol. VIII: 2231-2502 pp. (1928), Vol. IX: 2503-2886 pp. (1929), Vol. X: 2887-3014 pp. (1929), Vol. XI: 3015-3387 pp. (1930)
