Meraj Muhammad Khan (Urdu: معراج محمد خان; October 20, 1938 – July 21, 2016),[3] was a well-known Pakistani socialist politician. He was noted as one of the key intellectuals and founding personalities of the Pakistan People's Party (PPP) and as a major contributor to the initial left of center/social democratic so-called Basic Programme of the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI). He was also the founder of Qaumi Mahaz-i-Azadi which he founded after leaving the PPP in 1977.
Meraj Muhammad Khan | |
|---|---|
| First General Secretary Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf[1] | |
| In office 1998–2003 | |
| Founder and Chairman Qaumi Mahaz-i-Azadi (Party)[2] | |
| In office 1977–Unknown | |
| Minister of Labour and Manpower | |
| In office December 20, 1971 – August 13, 1973 | |
| Preceded by | Air Marshal Nur Khan |
| Succeeded by | Abdul Qayyum Khan |
| Vice-President of the Pakistan People's Party | |
| In office November 30, 1967 – October 22, 1974 | |
| Preceded by | Office Established |
| Succeeded by | Dr. Mubashir Hassan |
| Founding Member of the Pakistan Peoples Party | |
| In office 30 November 1967 – 1977 | |
| President of National Students Federation | |
| In office 4 July 1963 – 30 November 1967 | |
| Preceded by | Johar Hassan |
| Succeeded by | Rasheed Hassan Khan |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 20 October 1938 Farrukhabad, Uttar Pradesh, British Raj |
| Died | 21 July 2016 (aged 77) Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan |
| Citizenship | Pakistan |
| Nationality | Pakistani |
| Political party | Pakistan Peoples Party |
| Other political affiliations | Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf |
| Alma mater | Karachi University DJ Science College |
| Occupation | Politician |
| Profession | Philosopher |
| Cabinet | Government of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto |
| Awards | Habib Jalib Award |
In addition, he was a well-known and influential socialist figure in the country, and known for his political struggle and advocacy against anti-capitalist convergence and the support of the social democracy.[4]
Early life
editKhan was born on October 20, 1938, in Farrukhabad, Uttar Pradesh, British Indian Empire to an educated family of Zakha Khel Afridi tribe of Pashtun origin.[5][1] He was the youngest of four sons and his father, Hakeem Molvi Taj Muhammad Khan, was a homoeopath who practised the methods of Greek medicine in Quetta, Balochistan.[5] His elder brother was the Pakistani journalist Minhaj Barna.[6]
After graduating from a local high school in Quetta in 1956, Khan moved to Karachi where he attended DJ Science College and later pursued his higher education at Karachi University in 1957.[5] He earned a BA degree in philosophy and humanities in 1960, and a master's degree in philosophy in 1962.[5]
Communism and PPP activism
editMeraj Muhammad Khan came to public prominence in the 1960s while studying at Karachi University. During this time, there was a debating competition in which students from all the colleges in Karachi were participating.[7] At this competition, some activists of the Communist Party were sitting in the audience, who asked him to join the Communist Party after he won that debating competition.[7]
He became an active member of the National Students Federation (NSF), eventually becoming NSF's president in 1963. Khan turned the NSF into a militant student political organization that campaigned for the rights of students.[7] In 1967, he quit the NSF after secretly learning of a socialist convention being held in Lahore, Punjab.[7] [8]
He was among those who founded the Pakistan People's Party (PPP) and fully endorsed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto for the PPP's chairmanship.[7] Through the PPP, he went into mainstream politics and successfully contested the 1970 general elections on a PPP platform from a Karachi constituency called Lalukhait.[1][7]
Labour ministry (1971–1973)
editIn December 1971, Khan was appointed Minister for Manpower and directed the Ministry of Labour (MoL) in Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto's government.[7] In 1972, his tenure saw a major labour strike in Karachi; though it was peacefully resolved by Meraj's intervention.[9] It was later reported in newspapers and television that the labour strike was actually a competition between two PPP ministers, Meraj and Law Minister Abdul Hafiz Pirzada for the control of the labour.[9]
Meraj's radical leftist group was in direct competition against Law Minister Pirzada's Pro-Peking group. However, Meraj denied all accusations on TV.[9]
In 1973, Meraj fell out with the Bhutto government when Bhutto started to compromise on his so-called Socialist agenda and the regime resorted to repressive measures.[7] As time passed, his differences with Prime Minister Bhutto grew and he left the PPP to reorganize the NSF. However, Meraj fell into political isolation, never to regain his political credibility and popularity.[7]
Commenting on the PPP, Meraj later revealed that "the radical (leftist) rhetoric was more than a mask designed to win and retain power."[10] He once said: "Ali Bhutto was a great man ... but he could be cruel."[11]
Political activism (1980s-until his death)
editAfter leaving the PPP, he became a prominent democratic activist and leftist leader of the Movement for Restoration of Democracy (MRD) opposing the military government of President General Zia-ul-Haq.[12]
Awami Insaf and the birth of PTI Basic Programme
editIn 1998, he joined the center-left/centrist Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) headed by Imran Khan, but resigned from the party in 2003, citing differences with Khan.[12][1] He then joined the Mazdoor Kisan Party, which later merged with the Communist Party of Pakistan to form the Communist Mazdoor Kissan Party.[12]
Death
editKhan died at a local hospital in Karachi on July 21, 2016, at the age of 77. He had been hospitalized for a serious respiratory and lung problem for some time.[1][7]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e "Senior politician Meraj Muhammad Khan passes away". The News International (newspaper). Retrieved 28 July 2019.
- ^ "The left in Pakistan: a brief history – Links International Journal of Socialist Renewal". links.org.au. Retrieved 28 July 2019.
- ^ "PPP founding member dies". The Nation (Pakistan) newspaper. 23 July 2016. Retrieved 28 July 2019.
- ^ Jones, edited by Mike O'Donnell, Bryn (2010). Resurgence of the Sixties: Radicalism Revisited. London: Anthem. ISBN 978-1-84331-895-8.
{{cite book}}:|first=has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b c d Naimat Khan (30 June 2013). "'His Excellency' Meraj Muhammad Khan". Frontier Post. Retrieved 3 November 2013.
- ^ Icon of struggle Barna is dead Dawn (newspaper), Published January 14, 2011, Retrieved 28 July 2019
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Khan, Lal (22 May 2009). "Pakistan's Other Story: 6. Witness to Revolution – Veterans of the 1968–69 upheaval". Marxist News, Pakistan. Retrieved 28 July 2019.
- ^ "Meraj Mohammad Khan". YouTube. 5 November 2022.
- ^ a b c Khan, Naveeda (2012). Beyond Crisis: Re-evaluating Pakistan. Abingdon [u.k]: Routledge. ISBN 978-1136517587.
- ^ Ali, Tariq (2008). The Duel: Pakistan on the Flight Path of American Power. New York [u.s.]: Scribner. ISBN 978-1471105883.
- ^ Allam, Zalan. "Understanding Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto". sixhour.com website. Archived from the original on 8 September 2014. Retrieved 28 July 2019.
- ^ a b c Pakistan Herald. "Profile of Meraj Muhammad Khan". Pakistan Herald (newspaper). Retrieved 28 July 2019.