Mesquita is Portuguese and Galician surname meaning "mosque". Notable people with the name include:
- Aender Naves Mesquita, Brazilian footballer
- Bruce Bueno de Mesquita, American political scientist
- Caroline Mesquita, French artist
- Dayenne Mesquita, Brazilian actress
- Idalina Mesquita, Brazilian handball player
- Jaqueline Mesquita (born 1985), Brazilian mathematician
- Jerônima Mesquita, Brazilian feminist
- Michel Platini Mesquita, Brazilian footballer
- Quintiliano de Mesquita, Brazilian physician and scientist
- Raul Mesquita, Portuguese author
- Rodrigo Paixão Mesquita, Brazilian footballer
- Samuel Jessurun de Mesquita, Dutch artist
- Tiago Mesquita, Portuguese footballer
- Vanessa Mesquita, Brazilian model
- Vicente Nicolau de Mesquita, officer of the Portuguese Army in Macau