The Mexican mole lizard (Bipes biporus), also commonly known as the five-toed worm lizard, or simply as Bipes, is a species of amphisbaenian in the family Bipedidae.[1] The species is endemic to the Baja California Peninsula. It is one of three species of amphisbaenians that have legs.
| Mexican mole lizard | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Family: | Bipedidae |
| Genus: | Bipes |
| Species: | B. biporus
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| Binomial name | |
| Bipes biporus (Cope, 1894)
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| Synonyms[3] | |
Genetic Variation
editStudies demonstrate that Mexican mole lizards have very low genetic variation among the three allopatric species found in this genus. All three allopatric species have seven fixed identical loci and only six different fixed loci. This is due to the similar environments that all three species are found in.
Description
editB. biporus is pink and worm-like, 18–24 cm (7.1–9.4 in) in snout-to-vent length (SVL) and 6–7 mm (0.24–0.28 in) in width. It lives for one to two years. Its skin is closely segmented to give a corrugated appearance, and like earthworms, its underground movement is by peristalsis of the segments. Its blunt head allows it to burrow into sandy soils efficiently. The forelegs are short, strong and paddle-like, while the hind legs have disappeared, leaving behind only vestigial bones visible in X-rays.[1] The tail is autotomous without any regeneration. Due to sacrificing the development of its ear to permit it to dig more efficiently, the Mexican mole lizard has evolved to have its skin transmit vibrations to the cochlea.[4]
Reproduction
editB. biporus is oviparous, and the females lay one to four eggs in midsummer. The species only breeds underground. The eggs hatch after two months. The juveniles tend to be pink and then turn white as they grow into adulthood. Bipes Biporus don't exhibit sexual dimorphism so their sexual identity is only determined by looking at their gonads. [5]
Geographic range
editThe Mexican mole lizard (B. biporus) is found in the states of Baja California, Baja California Sur, Guerrero and Chiapas, in Mexico. These species tend to be found on this peninsula near the sandy soils in desert with dry shrub land. They spend their time burrowed from 2.5cm to 15 cm.[citation needed]
Behavior
editLike all other amphisbaenians, B. biporus is a burrowing species that only surfaces at night or after heavy rain. It uses its autotomous tail as an escape tactic for predators. Losing a part of the tail while burrowing can plug up the hole behind it, giving it time to escape.
Diet
editB. biporus is an opportunist carnivore and eats ants, termites, ground-dwelling insects, larvae, earthworms, and small animals including lizards. It usually pulls its prey underground to start its meal. The species is a generalist predator that feeds on easily accessible prey found in soil, debris, and dirt. Stomach content analyses showed that most prey items were soft-bodied and bore tooth marks, indicating that the lizard bit and chewed them rather than swallowing them whole.[6] Prey items are generally smaller in diameter than the gape of the individual B. biporus that consumed them.[7]
Predators
editHuman activity poses a significant threat to this species, alongside its natural predators, as is common among many species. Urban development and agricultural practices often result in habitat destruction, particularly concerning as these creatures typically burrow at shallow depths. Among their natural predators, snakes pose a notable threat, particularly if they are larger in size and share the same habitat. [8]
References
edit- ^ a b "Absurd Creature of the Week: The Adorable Mexican Mole Lizard Has a Disgusting Reputation".
this is one of the strangest, most mysterious reptiles on Earth (it technically isn't a lizard or a snake, but sits in a category all its own, the amphisbaenians), with powerful front limbs and rear limbs that have vanished save for vestigial bones you can only make out on X-rays.
- ^ Hollingsworth, B.; Frost, D.R. (2007). "Bipes biporus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2007: e.T63723A12710548. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2007.RLTS.T63723A12710548.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
- ^ Species Bipes biporus at The Reptile Database www.reptile-database.org.
- ^ Wever, Ernest Glen; Gans, Carl (1972). "The Ear and Hearing in Bipes Biporus ". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 69 (9): 2714-2716.
- ^ Casanova, M. (2017). Bipes Biporus (five-toed worm lizard). Animal Diversity Web. https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Bipes_biporus/ /
- ^ Kearney M (2003). "Diet in the amphisbaenian Bipes biporus". Journal of Herpetology. 37 (2): 404–408. doi:10.1670/0022-1511(2003)037[0404:DITABB]2.0.CO;2.
- ^ Kearney, Maureen (2003). "Diet in the Amphisbaenian Bipes biporus". Journal of Herpetology. 37 (2): 404–408. ISSN 0022-1511.
- ^ "lizard", Shakespeare and Animals, The Arden Shakespeare, 2022, retrieved 2024-03-15 Avise, J C, et al. “Genetic Relationships and Genetic Variation in the Amphisbaenian Genus Bipes.” Copeia, vol. 1976, no. 1, 12 Mar. 1976, pp. 120–120, https://doi.org/10.2307/1443782.
Further reading
edit- Cope ED (1894). "On the Genera and Species of Euchirotidæ". American Naturalist 28: 436-437. (Euchirotes biporus, new species).
- Stebbins RC (2003). A Field Guide to Western Reptiles and Amphibians, Third Edition. The Peterson Field Guide Series ®. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin. xiii + 533 pp. ISBN 0-395-98272-3 (paperback). (Bipes biporus, pp. 428–429 + Plate 55 + Map 200.)
External links
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