Middlesex County Council under the Local Government Act 1888 had to be returned by local elections every three years. Its first election was in January 1889, the year the council first met. The last was in 1961 as the 1964 elections instead were – as to 83 of 87 divisions – for the larger, in-waiting[n 1] Greater London Council – 4 divisions went into other counties, on abolition. Three intra-war elections were never announced and formally cancelled but otherwise expected in 1916, 1940 and 1943.
The much more urban minority of the county had been directed by Parliament to co-form[n 2] the County – and thus area of that separate County Council – of London in 1889.
Political make-up split into three periods, each one shorter than the last. The first period of local political preferences of 45 years saw victories somewhat reliant on independents and Liberals, but quite concertedly anti-socialist councillors, many or most of whom Conservatives. The second period saw a knife-edge marginal "swing chamber" or "swing county council". In 1958 voters were more socialist than bellwethers, defying the nation's popular and electoral outcome of the next year. Politically wavering and/or new Middlesex voters across a decisive 15 of 87 electoral districts returned to the Conservatives three years later but the 1958 result presaged the second clear ascendancy of the Labour Party. Labour went on immediately after the county's administrative demise to success in the form of the First and Second Wilson ministries and a string of successes in the enlarged London.
20th century growth in housing and population
editMiddlesex considerably urbanised – whereas the population of London after 1911 fell, in favour of commercial property and the clearance of slum, overcrowded and war-damaged housing. The number of Middlesex homes, an area static in size, rose from 236,266 to 665,347 in the forty years to 1961.[1]
The county's conserved, suburban character over the council's lifetime changed. By 1958 it is clear the bulk of the population could not be seen as core base "Villa Tory" shopkeepers, merchants, finance sector workers, and business owners. New homes dominated Wembley, Harrow, Hendon, Southgate, Enfield, Feltham, Staines, Twickenham, Uxbridge, Ruislip and north Ealing districts. New factories and warehouses employed tens of thousands in Brentford, Perivale, Greenford, Heston, Harmondsworth and West Drayton.[2] This contrasts with the prior drawing-up of the territory that seized on a decades-earlier definition of the 'capital's metropolis' as the County of London. In new, or rump, Middlesex this "cracked" i.e. pitched the social bulk of voters against heavily working class Acton, Tottenham and Edmonton to form the 1889 definition of the county. The urbanisation flowed equally from swathes of non-state-assisted housing built as much as from the London Blitz, post-war rationing, poverty, general austerity and so central edicts and incentives from the Ministry of Housing to provide social housing.[2] Across these divisions the quickly-built housing became equivalent to a large, de facto, New Town for residents displaced by the destruction of London homes and communities – the number of homes multiplied by 2.8 in the forty years mentioned.[1][2]
1889 – 1919
editThe first elections were held in January 1889. The Times noted that, in contrast to most counties where a large of number of seats were uncontested, contests took place in nearly every electoral division.[3][4]
The first meeting of the "provisional" county council was held on 14 February 1889 at Westminster Town Hall. The council did not use political labels but among the aldermen elected were three Liberal-leaning peers: balanced with three Conservative MPs. Four of the six held large houses with over 200 acres (1 km2) liable to much of the local rates thus assumed to be involved in local interests, in the highly suburban small county. Three of these were manor houses so the owners would have been summoned to Hundred Courts the council replaced.
| Name | Middlesex estate |
|---|---|
| The Earl of Aberdeen | Dollis Hill House/Villa, Dollis Hill, Willesden |
| The Earl of Jersey | Osterley House/Villa, Osterley Park, Osterley, Isleworth |
| The Earl of Strafford | Wrotham House, Wrotham Park, South Mimms |
| William Ambrose | Westover, next to Hampstead Heath, Hendon |
| Henry Bowles | Forty Hall, Enfield |
| Frederick Dixon-Hartland | n/a: 14 Chesham Place in the County of London |
This body appointed an Apportionment Committee to liaise with the London County Council to apportion between the two bodies the old central meeting halls and other civic properties and responsibilities.[5] It was decided to seek Middlesex Guildhall, Westminster, as the headquarters of the county council (extra-territorial but convenient to local-line terminus railway stations).[5] The justices of the peace for Middlesex met to consider county business for the last time on 28 March 1889 at the Sessions House, Clerkenwell.[6] The Sessions House duly passed to the London County Council, and Middlesex County Council came into official existence on 1 April 1889.
1919 – 1946
editThe triennial elections were suspended for the duration of the First World War, and when polling was held on 8 March 1919 there was a vigorous campaign centred on the issue of the Sunday opening of cinemas. The Cinematograph Exhibitors Association supported 16 candidates, including members of the Labour Party, who gained their first seats on the council.[7] The 1922 and 1925 elections were, for the most part, not run on party lines. The Times noted that it was "impossible to separate the candidates into different classes, and the contests are run much more upon local considerations than any widespread policy labelled throughout the county".[8] The size of the council was increased in that year from 80 members (60 councillors and 20 aldermen) to 98 (74 councillors and 24 aldermen).[8] The majority of the members of the county council continued not to bear party labels. In 1928 the majority of the council were described as "Moderate", with Labour forming an opposition.[9] Labour continued to make advances at the 1931 election, and this led to the formation of a Middlesex Municipal Association "representative of all anti-Socialist members". The association was supported by the various Conservative Party organisations of the county although it was not officially affiliated to the party.[10]
The number of councillors rose at the 1934 and 1937 elections.[11][12]
| Year | Total councillors | Middlesex Municipal Alliance | Labour Party | Independent | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (by affiliation) | |||||
| 1934 | 75 + 25 (saw one vacant seat) | 44 + 22 | 22 + 0 | 8 + 3 | |
| 1937 | 80 + 25 | 50 + 18 | 21 + 7 | 9 | |
1952 – 1955
edit
The boundaries of many electoral divisions were altered, with effect from elections of 3 April 1952. Their number, corresponding to that of councillors was reduced to 87, from 90.
The Conservatives retained control with 44 seats (a loss of 9) to Labour's 43 (a gain of 10). The only incumbent Independent was defeated.[13] At the aldermanic elections, the Conservatives took 11 out of 14, levering their slender majority, against protests by the Labour group.[14] Comparing the below tier of local government, Municipal Borough of Heston and Isleworth split into the county's electoral divisions: Heston & Cranford, Hounslow Central, Hounslow West, and Isleworth – the other divisions shared all or part of their name with their more local (lower tier) authority.
| Electoral division | Party[13] | |
|---|---|---|
| Acton North East | Labour gain | |
| Acton South East | Labour hold | |
| Acton West | Labour gain | |
| Brentford & Chiswick East | Conservative (new seat) | |
| Brentford & Chiswick West | Labour (new seat) | |
| Ealing Central | Conservative hold | |
| Ealing East | Conservative (new seat) | |
| Ealing North | Labour (new seat) | |
| Ealing North East | Conservative (new seat) | |
| Ealing North West | Labour hold | |
| Ealing South | Conservative (new seat) | |
| Ealing West | Labour hold | |
| Edmonton North East | Labour hold | |
| Edmonton North West | Labour hold | |
| Edmonton South East | Labour hold | |
| Edmonton South West | Labour hold | |
| Enfield Central | Conservative hold | |
| Enfield North East | Labour hold | |
| Enfield South East | Labour hold | |
| Enfield West | Conservative hold | |
| Feltham North | Labour (new seat) | |
| Feltham South | Labour (new seat) | |
| Finchley East | Conservative hold | |
| Finchley North | Conservative hold | |
| Finchley West | Conservative hold | |
| Friern Barnet | Conservative hold | |
| Harrow Central | Labour hold | |
| Harrow East | Labour hold | |
| Harrow East Central | Conservative hold | |
| Harrow North East | Conservative hold | |
| Harrow North West | Conservative hold | |
| Harrow South | Conservative hold | |
| Harrow South West | Conservative hold | |
| Harrow West Central | Conservative hold | |
| Hayes & Harlington North | Labour hold | |
| Hayes & Harlington South | Labour hold | |
| Hendon Central | Conservative (new seat) | |
| Hendon East | Conservative (new seat) | |
| Hendon North | Conservative hold | |
| Hendon North West | Conservative (new seat) | |
| Hendon South | Conservative (new seat) | |
| Hendon West | Labour (new seat) | |
| Heston & Cranford | Labour (new seat) | |
| Hornsey Central | Labour hold | |
| Hornsey Highgate | Conservative hold | |
| Hornsey Muswell Hill | Conservative hold | |
| Hornsey Stroud Green | Conservative hold | |
| Hounslow Central | Labour gain | |
| Hounslow West | Labour (new seat) | |
| Isleworth | Conservative (new seat) | |
| Potters Bar | Conservative hold | |
| Ruislip-Northwood North West | Conservative hold | |
| Ruislip-Northwood South East | Conservative hold | |
| Southall North | Labour (new seat) | |
| Southall South | Labour (new seat) | |
| Southgate Middle | Conservative hold | |
| Southgate North | Conservative hold | |
| Southgate South | Conservative hold | |
| Staines North West | Labour (new seat) | |
| Staines South East | Conservative (new seat) | |
| Sunbury | Conservative hold | |
| Tottenham East | Labour (new seat) | |
| Tottenham North | Labour (new seat) | |
| Tottenham South East | Labour (new seat) | |
| Tottenham South West | Labour (new seat) | |
| Tottenham West | Labour (new seat) | |
| Twickenham East | Conservative hold | |
| Twickenham Hampton | Conservative hold | |
| Twickenham Teddington | Conservative hold | |
| Twickenham West | Conservative hold | |
| Uxbridge North | Labour gain | |
| Uxbridge South | Labour gain | |
| Wembley East | Conservative hold | |
| Wembley North East | Labour gain | |
| Wembley North West | Conservative hold | |
| Wembley South | Labour gain | |
| Wembley West | Conservative hold | |
| Willesden Church End | Labour (new seat) | |
| Willesden Cricklewood | Conservative (new seat) | |
| Willesden Green | Labour (new seat) | |
| Willesden Harlesden | Labour (new seat) | |
| Willesden Kensal Green | Labour (new seat) | |
| Willesden Kilburn | Labour (new seat) | |
| Willesden Mapesbury | Conservative (new seat) | |
| Wood Green East | Labour gain | |
| Wood Green West | Conservative gain | |
| Yiewsley & West Drayton | Labour gain | |
1955 – 1958
edit
Some boundaries of electoral divisions were altered for the elections held on 31 March 1955. The number of these and thus councillors remained 87. Conservatives increased their majority on the council, winning 50 seats, against Labour's 37. Three Conservatives were elected unopposed.[15]
| Electoral division | Party[15] | |
|---|---|---|
| Acton North East | Labour hold | |
| Acton South East | Labour hold | |
| Acton West | Labour hold | |
| Brentford & Chiswick East | Conservative hold | |
| Brentford & Chiswick West | Conservative gain | |
| Ealing Central | Conservative hold | |
| Ealing East | Conservative hold | |
| Ealing North | Labour hold | |
| Ealing North East | Conservative hold | |
| Ealing North West | Labour hold | |
| Ealing South | Conservative hold | |
| Ealing West | Labour hold | |
| Edmonton North East | Labour hold | |
| Edmonton North West | Conservative hold | |
| Edmonton South East | Labour hold | |
| Edmonton South West | Labour hold | |
| Enfield North East | Labour hold (new boundaries) | |
| Enfield North West | Conservative (new seat) | |
| Enfield South East | Labour hold (new boundaries) | |
| Enfield South West | Labour (new seat) | |
| Feltham North | Labour hold | |
| Feltham South | Labour hold | |
| Finchley East | Conservative hold | |
| Finchley North | Conservative hold | |
| Finchley West | Conservative hold | |
| Friern Barnet | Conservative hold | |
| Harrow Central | Labour hold | |
| Harrow East | Labour hold | |
| Harrow East Central | Conservative hold | |
| Harrow North East | Conservative hold | |
| Harrow North West | Conservative hold | |
| Harrow South | Conservative hold | |
| Harrow South West | Conservative hold | |
| Harrow West Central | Conservative hold | |
| Hayes & Harlington North | Labour hold | |
| Hayes & Harlington South | Labour hold | |
| Hendon Central | Conservative hold | |
| Hendon East | Conservative hold | |
| Hendon North | Conservative hold | |
| Hendon North West | Conservative hold | |
| Hendon South | Conservative hold | |
| Hendon West | Labour hold | |
| Heston & Cranford | Conservative gain | |
| Hornsey Central | Labour hold | |
| Hornsey Highgate | Conservative hold | |
| Hornsey Muswell Hill | Conservative hold | |
| Hornsey Stroud Green | Conservative hold | |
| Hounslow Central | Conservative gain | |
| Hounslow West | Labour hold | |
| Isleworth | Conservative hold | |
| Potters Bar | Conservative hold | |
| Ruislip-Northwood North West | Conservative hold (new boundaries) | |
| Ruislip-Northwood South East | Conservative hold (new boundaries) | |
| Southall North | Labour hold | |
| Southall South | Labour hold | |
| Southgate Middle | Conservative hold (new boundaries) | |
| Southgate North | Conservative hold | |
| Southgate South | Conservative hold | |
| Staines North West | Conservative gain | |
| Staines South East | Conservative hold | |
| Sunbury | Conservative hold | |
| Tottenham East | Labour hold | |
| Tottenham North | Labour hold | |
| Tottenham South East | Labour hold | |
| Tottenham South West | Labour hold | |
| Tottenham West | Labour hold | |
| Twickenham East | Conservative hold | |
| Twickenham Hampton | Conservative hold | |
| Twickenham Teddington | Conservative hold | |
| Twickenham West | Conservative hold | |
| Uxbridge North | Conservative hold | |
| Uxbridge South | Labour hold | |
| Wembley East | Conservative hold | |
| Wembley North East | Labour gain | |
| Wembley North West | Conservative hold | |
| Wembley South | Labour hold | |
| Wembley West | Conservative hold | |
| Willesden Church End | Labour hold | |
| Willesden Cricklewood | Conservative hold | |
| Willesden Green | Labour hold | |
| Willesden Harlesden | Labour hold | |
| Willesden Kensal Green | Conservative gain | |
| Willesden Kilburn | Labour hold | |
| Willesden Mapesbury | Conservative hold | |
| Wood Green East | Labour hold | |
| Wood Green West | Conservative hold | |
| Yiewsley & West Drayton | Labour hold | |
1958 – 1961
edit
In the elections held on 16 April 1958, Labour (with 47 councillors) gained control from the Conservatives (with 39 councillors) and Finchley East's councillor was Liberal.[16]
| Electoral division | Party[16] | |
|---|---|---|
| Acton North East | Labour hold | |
| Acton South East | Labour hold | |
| Acton West | Labour hold | |
| Brentford & Chiswick East | Labour gain | |
| Brentford & Chiswick West | Labour hold | |
| Ealing Central | Conservative hold | |
| Ealing East | Conservative hold | |
| Ealing North | Labour hold | |
| Ealing North East | Conservative hold | |
| Ealing North West | Labour hold | |
| Ealing South | Conservative hold | |
| Ealing West | Labour hold | |
| Edmonton North East | Labour hold | |
| Edmonton North West | Conservative hold | |
| Edmonton South East | Labour hold | |
| Edmonton South West | Labour hold | |
| Enfield North East | Labour hold | |
| Enfield North West | Conservative hold | |
| Enfield South East | Labour hold | |
| Enfield South West | Conservative hold | |
| Feltham North | Labour hold | |
| Feltham South | Labour hold | |
| Finchley East | Liberal gain | |
| Finchley North | Conservative hold | |
| Finchley West | Conservative hold | |
| Friern Barnet | Conservative hold | |
| Harrow Central | Labour hold | |
| Harrow East | Labour hold | |
| Harrow East Central | Conservative hold | |
| Harrow North East | Labour gain | |
| Harrow North West | Conservative | |
| Harrow South | Conservative hold | |
| Harrow South West | Labour gain | |
| Harrow West Central | Conservative hold | |
| Hayes & Harlington North | Labour hold | |
| Hayes & Harlington South | Labour hold | |
| Hendon Central | Conservative hold | |
| Hendon East | Conservative hold | |
| Hendon North | Conservative hold | |
| Hendon North West | Conservative hold | |
| Hendon South | Conservative hold | |
| Hendon West | Labour hold | |
| Heston & Cranford | Labour gain | |
| Hornsey Central | Labour hold | |
| Hornsey Highgate | Conservative hold | |
| Hornsey Muswell Hill | Conservative hold | |
| Hornsey Stroud Green | Labour hold | |
| Hounslow Central | Labour gain | |
| Hounslow West | Labour hold | |
| Isleworth | Conservative hold | |
| Potters Bar | Conservative hold | |
| Ruislip-Northwood North West | Conservative hold | |
| Ruislip-Northwood South East | Labour gain | |
| Southall North | Labour hold | |
| Southall South | Labour hold | |
| Southgate Middle | Conservative hold | |
| Southgate North | Conservative hold | |
| Southgate South | Conservative hold | |
| Staines North West | Labour gain | |
| Staines South East | Conservative hold | |
| Sunbury | Conservative hold | |
| Tottenham East | Labour hold | |
| Tottenham North | Labour hold | |
| Tottenham South East | Labour hold | |
| Tottenham South West | Labour hold | |
| Tottenham West | Labour hold | |
| Twickenham East | Conservative hold | |
| Twickenham Hampton | Conservative hold | |
| Twickenham Teddington | Conservative hold | |
| Twickenham West | Labour gain | |
| Uxbridge North | Conservative hold | |
| Uxbridge South | Labour hold | |
| Wembley East | Conservative hold | |
| Wembley North East | Labour gain | |
| Wembley North West | Conservative hold | |
| Wembley South | Labour hold | |
| Wembley West | Conservative hold | |
| Willesden Church End | Labour hold | |
| Willesden Cricklewood | Conservative hold | |
| Willesden Green | Labour hold | |
| Willesden Harlesden | Labour hold | |
| Willesden Kensal Green | Labour gain | |
| Willesden Kilburn | Labour hold | |
| Willesden Mapesbury | Conservative hold | |
| Wood Green East | Labour hold | |
| Wood Green West | Conservative hold | |
| Yiewsley & West Drayton | Labour hold | |
1961 – 1965
edit
On 13 April 1961 voters sent a majority of Conservatives to form the council: 55 out of 87, a gain of 15 seat from Labour and the Liberal seat.[17] These became the final elections to the county council: under the London Government Act 1963 the next ones took place instead primarily for Greater London Council.
| Electoral division | Party[18] | |
|---|---|---|
| Acton North East | Labour hold | |
| Acton South East | Labour hold | |
| Acton West | Conservative gain | |
| Brentford & Chiswick East | Conservative gain | |
| Brentford & Chiswick West | Conservative gain | |
| Ealing Central | Conservative hold | |
| Ealing East | Conservative hold | |
| Ealing North | Labour hold | |
| Ealing North East | Conservative hold | |
| Ealing North West | Labour hold | |
| Ealing South | Conservative hold | |
| Ealing West | Labour hold | |
| Edmonton North East | Labour hold | |
| Edmonton North West | Conservative hold | |
| Edmonton South East | Labour hold | |
| Edmonton South West | Labour hold | |
| Enfield North East | Labour hold | |
| Enfield North West | Conservative hold | |
| Enfield South East | Labour hold | |
| Enfield South West | Conservative hold | |
| Feltham North | Labour hold | |
| Feltham South | Labour hold | |
| Finchley East | Conservative gain | |
| Finchley North | Conservative hold | |
| Finchley West | Conservative hold | |
| Friern Barnet | Conservative hold | |
| Harrow Central | Labour hold | |
| Harrow East | Labour hold | |
| Harrow East Central | Conservative hold | |
| Harrow North East | Conservative gain | |
| Harrow North West | Conservative hold | |
| Harrow South | Conservative hold | |
| Harrow South West | Conservative gain | |
| Harrow West Central | Conservative hold | |
| Hayes & Harlington North | Labour hold | |
| Hayes & Harlington South | Labour hold | |
| Hendon Central | Conservative hold | |
| Hendon East | Conservative hold | |
| Hendon North | Conservative hold | |
| Hendon North West | Conservative hold | |
| Hendon South | Conservative hold | |
| Hendon West | Labour hold | |
| Heston & Cranford | Conservative gain | |
| Hornsey Central | Conservative gain | |
| Hornsey Highgate | Conservative hold | |
| Hornsey Muswell Hill | Conservative hold | |
| Hornsey Stroud Green | Conservative gain | |
| Hounslow Central | Conservative gain | |
| Hounslow West | Conservative gain | |
| Isleworth | Conservative hold | |
| Potters Bar | Conservative hold | |
| Ruislip-Northwood North West | Conservative hold | |
| Ruislip-Northwood South East | Conservative gain | |
| Southall North | Labour hold | |
| Southall South | Labour hold | |
| Southgate Middle | Conservative hold | |
| Southgate North | Conservative hold | |
| Southgate South | Conservative hold | |
| Staines North West | Conservative gain | |
| Staines South East | Conservative hold | |
| Sunbury | Conservative hold | |
| Tottenham East | Labour hold | |
| Tottenham North | Labour hold | |
| Tottenham South East | Labour hold | |
| Tottenham South West | Labour hold | |
| Tottenham West | Labour hold | |
| Twickenham East | Conservative hold | |
| Twickenham Hampton | Conservative hold | |
| Twickenham Teddington | Conservative hold | |
| Twickenham West | Conservative gain | |
| Uxbridge North | Conservative hold | |
| Uxbridge South | Labour hold | |
| Wembley East | Conservative hold | |
| Wembley North East | Conservative gain | |
| Wembley North West | Conservative hold | |
| Wembley South | Labour hold | |
| Wembley West | Conservative hold | |
| Willesden Church End | Labour hold | |
| Willesden Cricklewood | Conservative hold | |
| Willesden Green | Labour hold | |
| Willesden Harlesden | Labour hold | |
| Willesden Kensal Green | Conservative gain | |
| Willesden Kilburn | Labour hold | |
| Willesden Mapesbury | Conservative hold | |
| Wood Green East | Labour hold | |
| Wood Green West | Conservative hold | |
| Yiewsley & West Drayton | Labour hold | |
Notes and References
editNotes
editCitations
edit- ^ a b Middlesex AdmC through time : Housing Statistics : Total Houses, A Vision of Britain through Time, GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth, https://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10061441/cube/HOUSES
- ^ a b c Robbins, Michael (1953). Middlesex (1 ed.). London: Collins.
- ^ "The County Councils". The Times. 30 January 1889. p. 9.
- ^ "The County Councils". The Times. 31 January 1889. p. 11.
- ^ a b "The County Councils. Middlesex". The Times. 15 February 1889. p. 10.
- ^ "Middlesex Sessions, March 28". The Times. 29 March 1889. p. 11.
- ^ "Middlesex County Council. Elections Next Saturday., Cinema Trade And Sunday Opening". The Times. 3 March 1919. p. 6.
- ^ a b "Redistribution in Middlesex". The Times. 2 March 1925. p. 15.
- ^ "County Council Elections. Further Results". The Times. 9 March 1928. p. 11.
- ^ "Party Basis of Councils". The Times. 22 March 1949. p. 2.
- ^ "County Council elections. Few changes". The Times. 4 March 1937. p. 8.
- ^ "New Middlesex Aldermen". The Times. 12 March 1937. p. 13.
- ^ a b "Middlesex held by Conservatives. Majority of Five". The Times. 4 April 1952. p. 4.
- ^ "Middlesex County Council. Protests At Allocation Of Aldermanic Seats". The Times. 18 April 1952. p. 4.
- ^ a b "Labour Losses In London. County Council Elections". The Times. 21 April 1955. p. iv.
- ^ a b "Middlesex changes hands. Conservative defeat". The Times. 17 April 1958. p. 5.
- ^ "Conservatives Win Back Middlesex 16 Seats Gained". The Times. 14 April 1961. p. 14.
- ^ "Middlesex Election Details". The Times. 14 April 1961. p. 8.