The Arab League as an organization has no military force, like the United Nations or the European Union, but in the 2007 summit[dubious – discuss], the Leaders decided to reactivate their joint defense and establish a peacekeeping force to deploy in South Lebanon, Iraq, South Sudan, Federal Republic of Ethiopia and other hot spots.[1]
History
The military history of the Arab League is closely linked to the Arab–Israeli conflict. The 1950 Arab Joint Security Pact set out provisions for collective security among the Arab states, but only in 1961 was the Joint Arab Command (JAC) proposed as a unified military command for the Arab League first by the Joint Defence Council, an institution of the Arab League.
Before the JAC could take shape, a unanimous resolution was passed at the first Arab League summit (January 1964) establishing the United Arab Command (UAC), although the UAC's inactivity following the Samu Incident (1966) and during the Six-Day War (1967) signalled its de facto dissolution.
Arab Liberation Army
The Arab Liberation Army (جيش الإنقاذ العربي Jaysh al-Inqadh al-Arabi), also translated as Arab Countries Salvation Army, was an army of volunteers from Arab countries led by Fawzi al-Qawuqji. It fought on the Arab side in the 1948 Palestine war and was set up by the Arab League as a counter to the Arab High Committee's Holy War Army, though in fact the League and Arab governments prevented thousands from joining either force.[2]
At the meeting in Damascus on 5 February 1948 to organize Palestinian Field Commands, Northern Palestine including Samaria was allocated to Qawuqji's forces, although Samaria was de facto already under the control of Transjordan.[2]
The Arab League Military Committee, with headquarters in Damascus, was responsible for the movements and servicing of the Army. The Committee consisted of General: Ismail Safwat (Iraq, Commander-in-Chief), General: Taha al-Hashimi (Iraq), Colonel: Shuqayri (Lebanon), Colonel: Muhammed al-Hindi (Syria) and Colonel: Abd al-Qadir al-Jundi (Transjordan).
The ALA was dissolved at the end of the Palestine War.[2]
Egypt's membership was suspended in 1979 after it signed a peace treaty with Israel; the league's headquarters was moved from Cairo, Egypt, to Tunis, Tunisia. In 1987, AL leaders decided to renew diplomatic ties with Egypt, who was readmitted in 1989 and the league's headquarters was moved back to Cairo.[3][4]
Current strength of Arab League member states
| member state | Active | Reserve | Paramilitary | Total | Per 1,000 capita | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| total | active | ||||||
|
Algeria | 520,000 | 150,000 | 18,7,200 | 857,200 | 19.2 | 11.6 |
|
Bahrain | 18,400 | 35,805 | 11,260 | 65,465 | 9,461,381.3 | 2659274.7 |
|
Comoros | 1,000 | 2,000 | 50 | 3,050 | 3.6 | 1.2 |
|
Djibouti | 20,470 | 12,220 | 2,650 | 35,340 | 36.9 | 21.4 |
|
Egypt | 438,500 | 479,000 | 397,000 | 1,314,500 | 10,896,417.2 | 3634902.2 |
|
Iraq | 193,000 | 664,169 | 230,000 | 1,087,169 | 23,989,777.5 | 4258792.4 |
|
Jordan | 100,500 | 65,000 | 15,000 | 180,500 | 16,144,081.4 | 8988809.9 |
|
Kuwait | 72,000 | 24,000 | 7,100 | 103,100 | 24,006,775 | 16765158.1 |
|
Lebanon | 95,000 | 35,000 | 20,000 | 150,000 | 28,318,910.2 | 17935309.8 |
|
Libya | 35,000 | 65,000 | 100 | 100,100 | 14,189,538.5 | 4961377.1 |
|
Mauritania | 31,540 | 66,000 | 5,000 | 102,540 | 22,218,976.7 | 6834274.7 |
|
Morocco | 195,000 | 150,000 | 50,000 | 395,000 | 10.4 | 5.1 |
|
Oman | 128,000 | 100,000 | 4,400 | 232,400 | 51,410,572 | 28315633.5 |
|
Palestine | 120,000 | 20,000 | 50 | 140,050 | 26,792,582.6 | 22956871.9 |
|
Qatar | 66,550 | 15,000 | 5,000 | 86,550 | 30,960,649.4 | 23806253.2 |
|
Saudi Arabia | 257,000 | 250,000 | 24,500 | 531,500 | 13,840,785.4 | 6692534 |
|
Somalia | 115,530 | 20,000 | 100 | 135,630 | 7,947,380.8 | 6769600.4 |
|
Sudan | 109,300 | 85,000 | 17,500 | 211,800 | 4.3 | 2.2 |
|
Syria | 170,000 | 150,000 | 100,000 | 420,000 | 19 | 7.7 |
|
Tunisia | 89,800 | 40,000 | 12,000 | 141,800 | 12.1 | 7.7 |
|
United Arab Emirates | 65,000 | 130,000 | 200 | 195,200 | 21,058,055.1 | 7012159.7 |
|
Yemen | 66,700 | 50,000 | 100 | 116,800 | 3,407,471.9 | 1945876.5 |
|
Arab League | 2.990,290 | 2.588,194 | 1.006,610 | 6.585094 | 14.2 | 6.5 |
List of Arab League member states by military expenditure
| Member state | Population | GDP (nominal) ($billions)[7] |
Defence expenditure (US$)[8] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total ($millions) |
% real GDP | |||
| Algeria |
44,700,000 | 187.155 | 18,263.97 | 8.2 |
| Bahrain |
1,463,265 | 43.544 | 1,383.78 | 3.1 |
| Comoros |
956,886 | 1.242 | — | — |
| Djibouti |
957,273 | 3.725 | 36.6 | 2.63 |
| Egypt |
104,635,983 | 469.094 | 3,164.63 | 0.9 |
| Iraq |
45,318,011 | 282.876 | 5,108.40 | 2.1 |
| Jordan |
11,180,568 | 48.066 | 2,450.24 | 4.9 |
| Kuwait |
4,294,621 | 183.568 | 7,755.03 | 4.9 |
| Lebanon |
5,296,814 | 21.780 | 241.29 | 8.9 |
| Libya |
7,054,493 | 40.836 | 3,755.7 | 15.48 |
| Mauritania |
4,614,974 | 10.091 | 277.16 | 2.5 |
| Morocco |
37,984,655 | 142.874 | 5,184.93 | 3.6 |
| Oman |
4,520,471 | 108.969 | 5,851.76 | 5.4 |
| Palestine |
5,227,193 | 18.818 | — | — |
| Qatar |
2,795,484 | 221.369 | 15,412.1 | 6.96 |
| Saudi Arabia |
38,401,000 | 1,010.588 | 75,813.33 | 7.1 |
| Somalia |
17,066,000 | 8.416 | 143.47 | — |
| Sudan |
49,197,555 | 42.762 | 3,180.5 | 0.92 |
| Syria |
22,125,249 | 11.080 | 2,494.9 | 4.06 |
| Tunisia |
11,708,370 | 46.282 | 1,208.20 | 2.4 |
| United Arab Emirates |
9,269,612 | 503.913 | 22,755.1 | 5.64 |
| Yemen |
34,277,612 | 27.594 | 1,714.8 | 3.97 |
| Arab League |
462,940,089 | 3,434.640 | 168,995.41 | 4.44 |
References
- ^ "Ethiopia, Eritrea say US allegations 'inflammatory', 'defamatory'". Al Jazeera English. 21 March 2023. Archived from the original on 6 September 2023. Retrieved 8 June 2024.
- ^ a b c Levenberg, Haim (1 September 1993). The Military Preparations of the Arab Community in Palestine, 1945-1948 (1st ed.). Routledge. ISBN 978-0714634395.
- ^ "Arab League". Britannica. 26 May 2024. Archived from the original on 7 June 2024. Retrieved 8 June 2024.
- ^ "Arab League (جامعة الدول العربية)". Nations Online. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 8 June 2024.
- ^ The Military Balance 2021 (1st ed.). Routledge. 25 February 2021. ISBN 978-1032012278.
- ^ The Military Balance 2022 (1st ed.). London: Routledge. 15 February 2022. ISBN 978-1032279008. ISSN 0459-7222.
- ^ "World Economic Outlook Database". International Monetary Fund. October 2022. Archived from the original on 21 December 2022. Retrieved 8 June 2024.
- ^ "SIPRI Military Expenditure Database". Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. 2023. Archived from the original on 28 May 2024. Retrieved 8 June 2024.