You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Serbian. (February 2024) Click [show] for important translation instructions.
|
This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: Article has confusing wording. (April 2022) |
Milunka Savić CMG (Serbian Cyrillic: Милунка Савић; 28 June 1892 – 5 October 1973)[1] was a Serbian war heroine who fought in the Balkan Wars and in World War I. She is the most-decorated female combatant in the history of warfare.[2]
Milunka Savić | |
|---|---|
| Милунка Савић | |
 Sergeant Milunka Savić | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 28 June 1892 or 10 August 1890 Koprivnica, Kingdom of Serbia |
| Died | 5 October 1973 (age 81) Belgrade, SR Serbia, Yugoslavia |
| Awards |
|
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |  Kingdom of Serbia Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes |
| Years of service | 1912–1919 |
| Rank | Sergeant |
| Battles/wars | First Balkan War Second Balkan War |
Military career
edit
Savić was born in 1889, in the village of Koprivnica,[3] near Novi Pazar, in Serbia. In 1912, her brother who was ill with tuberculosis received call-up papers for mobilization for the First Balkan War. She chose to go in his place — cutting her hair and donning men's clothes and joining the Serbian army.[4] She quickly saw combat and received her first medal and was promoted to corporal in the Battle of Bregalnica. Engaged in battle, she sustained wounds and it was only then, when recovering from her injuries in hospital, that her true gender was revealed, much to the surprise of the attending physicians.[4]
Mental Floss[unreliable source?] described the repercussions:
"Savic was called before her commanding officer. They didn't want to punish her, because she had proven a valuable and highly competent soldier. The military deployment that had resulted in her sex being revealed had been her tenth. But neither was it suitable for a young woman to be in combat. She was offered a transfer to the Nursing division. Savic stood at attention and insisted she only wanted to fight for her country as a combatant. The officer said he'd think it over and give her his answer the next day. Still standing at attention, Savic responded, "I will wait." It is said he only made her stand an hour before agreeing to send her back to the infantry."[5]
In 1914, in the early days of World War I, Savić was awarded her first Karađorđe Star with Swords after the Battle of Kolubara. She received her second Karađorđe Star (with Swords) after the Battle of the Crna Bend in 1916 when she captured 23 Bulgarian soldiers single-handedly.[6]
Military honors
editShe was awarded the French Légion d’Honneur (Legion of Honour) twice,[4] as well as the Russian Cross of St. George,[3] the British medal of the Most Distinguished Order of St Michael, and the Serbian Miloš Obilić medal.[6] She was the sole female recipient of the French Croix de Guerre 1914–1918 with the gold palm attribute for service in World War I.
Later life
edit
She was demobilised in 1919,[7] and turned down an offer to move to France, where she was eligible to collect a comfortable French army pension. Instead, she chose to live in Belgrade and found work as a postal worker.[7] In 1923, she married Veljko Gligorijević, whom she met in Mostar, and divorced immediately after the birth of their daughter Milena.[8] She also adopted three other daughters.[1] In the interwar period, Milunka was largely forgotten by the general public. She worked several menial jobs up to 1927, after which she had steady employment as a cleaning lady in the State Mortgage Bank. Eight years later, she was promoted to cleaning the offices of the general manager.[8]
In 1945, with the arrival of socialism to power, she was given a state pension, and continued to live in her house in Belgrade's Voždovac neighborhood.[8] By the late 1950s her daughter was hospitalized, and she was living in a crumbling house in Voždovac with her three adopted children:[9] Milka, a forgotten child from the railway station in Stalac; Radmila-Višnja; and Zorka, a fatherless girl from Dalmatia.[3] Later, when she attended the jubilee celebrations wearing her military medals, other military officers spoke with her and heard of her courageous actions. News spread and at last she gained recognition.[9] In 1972, public pressure and a newspaper article highlighting her difficult housing and financial situation led to her being given a small apartment by the Belgrade City Assembly.[7]
She died in Belgrade on October 5 1973,[6] aged 81, and was buried in Belgrade New Cemetery.[9]
Legacy
editThe birth house of Milunka Savić was rebuilt in Koprivnica in 2015. Ethnological exbition in the house contains items that date from the time when she lived there (the first half of the 20th century).[10]
A memorial complex with a permanent exhibition devoted to Milunka Savić was opened in October 2020 in Jošanička Banja.[11][12]
A monument to Savić was unveiled in Belgrade in 2024.[13]
In 2022, Swedish heavy metal band Sabaton covered her story in their song "Lady of the Dark".[14][15]
See also
edit- Flora Sandes – First World War soldier and nurse (1876–1956)
- Sofija Jovanović – Serbian war heroine (1895–1979)
- Ecaterina Teodoroiu – World War I soldier and nurse
- Maria Bochkareva – Russian female soldier and counter revolutionary
- Antonija Javornik – Serbian war heroine, nurse and sergeant
- Leslie Joy Whitehead – Canadian female soldier
- Olive Kelso King – Australian adventurer and WWI ambulance driver (1885–1958)
- Women in the military – Women participating in military activities
References
edit- ^ a b "Milunka Savić at milunkasavic.rs". 2016-04-21. Archived from the original on 2016-05-02. Retrieved 2016-04-21.
- ^ "Pred Milunkom su i generali salutirali". 2009. Retrieved 2012-09-30.
- ^ a b c "Istorija Voždovca". Opština Voždovac. 2010. Retrieved 2010-07-07.
- ^ a b c "Lepe i umne ponos roda svog". Srpsko Nasleđe – Istorijske Sveske. 1999. Archived from the original on 2021-01-27. Retrieved 2010-07-07.
- ^ "5 of the Fiercest One-Liners in History | Mental Floss". mentalfloss.com. 6 September 2013. Retrieved 2014-04-30.
- ^ a b c "Zaboravljeni Srpski Heroji - Milunka Savić". akademedia srbija. 2009. Archived from the original on 2021-01-20. Retrieved 2010-07-07.
- ^ a b c "Srbija u vrtlogu Prvog Svetskog Rata". index.hr. 2009-06-27. Archived from the original on 2008-06-05. Retrieved 2010-07-08.
- ^ a b c "Milunka Savić: Heroina, pa čistačica". Večernje Novosti.
- ^ a b c "Milunka Savić, jedina žena na svetu nosilac francuskog odlikovanja Ratni krst sa zlatnom palminom granom". Beogradska Ka5anija. 2009-11-04. Retrieved 2010-07-08.
- ^ "Birth house of Milunka Savić | Туристичка организација Рашка". raskaturizam.rs. Retrieved 2024-09-09.
- ^ "Otvara se spomen soba Milunke Savić". Kaleidoskop. Retrieved 2020-10-09.
- ^ Vojvodine, Javna medijska ustanova JMU Radio-televizija. "Spomen soba Milunki Savić u Jošaničkoj banji". JMU Radio-televizija Vojvodine. Retrieved 2020-10-09.
- ^ "Spomenik Milunki Savić u Beogradu | Beogradske vesti" (in Serbian). 2024-07-07. Retrieved 2024-09-09.
- ^ "Lady Of The Dark". Sabaton Official Website. Retrieved 2023-06-22.
- ^ "Sabaton napisao pesmu o Milunki Savić". 6 December 2021. Retrieved 2021-12-14.
Sources
edit- Видоје Д Голубовић; Предраг Павловић; Новица Пешић (2013). Добровољка Милунка Савић: српска хероина. Udruženje Ratnih Dobrovoljaca 1912 - 1918, Njihovih Potomaka i Poštovalaca. ISBN 978-86-84083-17-5.
External links
edit
- The hero who was a heroine in wien.international.at