Minerva was launched in 1791 at Galway. She then traded widely, particularly as a West Indiaman. Between 1800 and 1804 she made two voyages from Bristol as a Guineaman. That is, she was a slave ship, carrying enslaved peoples in the Trans-Atlantic slave trade. She then returned to trading with the West Indies. A United States privateer captured her in 1814.
| History | |
|---|---|
 Great Britain | |
| Name | Minerva |
| Launched | 1791, Galway |
| Captured | 8 January 1814 |
| Fate | Last listed in 1813 |
| General characteristics | |
| Tons burthen | 210,[1] or 212[2] (bm) |
| Complement | 40[2] |
| Armament |
|
Career
editMinerva first appeared in Lloyd's Register (LR) in 1792.[1]
| Year | Master | Owner | Trade | Source & notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1792 | Satchwell | Burk & Co. | Cork–Virginia | LR |
| 1794 | Satchwell S.Lee |
Burke & Co. | Cork–Virginia | LR; part old materials |
| 1797 | S.Lee A.Robertson |
Burke&Co. Dixon |
London–Norway London–Tobago |
LR |
| 1799 | R.Dixon | T.Dixon | London–Leghorn | LR |
| 1800 | R.Dixon J.Kennedy |
T.Dixon Anderson |
London–Leghorn Bristol–Jamaica |
LR; small repairs 1799 |
Although the voyage data in Lloyd's Register does not indicate it, Minerva next made two voyages as a slave ship.
1st voyage transporting enslaved people (1800–1802): Captain John Kennedy acquired a letter of marque on 9 April 1800.[2] He sailed from Bristol on 5 May.[3] In 1800, 133 vessels sailed from English ports, bound for the trade in enslaved people. Most of these vessels sailed from Liverpool; only three sailed from Bristol.[4]
Minerva acquired her captives on the Windward Coast. She delivered her captives to Demerara and then sailed on to Grenada. Apparently she landed 223 captives in all. She returned to Bristol on 27 January 1802.[3]
| Year | Master | Owner | Trade | Source & notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1802 | J.Kennedy J.Silcocks |
Anderson | Bristol–Jamaica | LR; small repairs 1799 |
2nd voyage transporting enslaved people (1802–1804): Captain Joseph (or John) Silcock sailed from Bristol on 5 December 1802 bound for the Gold Coast.[5] In 1802, 155 vessels sailed from English ports, bound for the trade in enslaved people. Most of these vessels sailed from Liverpool; again, only three sailed from Bristol.[4]
Minerva started acquiring captives on 31 January 1803.[5] On 13 May 1803 Lloyd's List (LL) reported that Minerva, Silcock, master, had arrived at Africa. The same report mentioned that Minerva, Coley master, had also arrived there.[6]
Minerva, Silcock, master, sailed to the leeward and returned to the Cape Coast Castle on 23 February. She again sailed to leeward on 5 November.[7] She arrived at Demerara on 25 February 1804, and there landed 218 captives.[5] Advertisements described the slaves as being "Chantee" (Ashantee?), Coromantee, and Fantee. The agents for the sale were Walcott & Forrester and the sale was to begin on 2 March.[7] Minerva arrived back at Bristol on 6 August.[5]
| Year | Master | Owner | Trade | Source and notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1805 | J.Silcocks T.C. Williams |
Anderson | Bristol–Barbados | LR; small repairs 1799 and good repair 1802 |
| 1806 | Williams | Anderson | Bristol–Barbados London |
LR; small repairs 1799 and good repair 1802 |
| 1807 | Williams | Anderson | London–Barbados | LR; small repairs 1799 and good repair 1802 |
Lloyd's Register continued to carry Minerva with unchanged information to 1813. However, the Register of Shipping carried two Minervas from 1809, one launched in 1791 at Galway with Bishop, master and owner, and trade London–West Indies, and a second, launched in 1791 in Ireland, with Williams, master, Anderson, owner, and trade London–Barbados.
| Year | Master | Owner | Trade | Source and notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1809 | Bishop | Captain & Co. | London–West Indies | Register of Shipping (RS); small repair 1802 and repairs 1805 |
| 1810 | Williams | Anderson | London–Barbados | Register of Shipping (RS) |
The Register of Shipping carried both vessels to 1813 with unchanged information.
Fate
editNeither register carried Minerva in 1814.
On 8 January 1814 the United States privateer Comet captured a vessel, believed to be Minerva, of London. Minerva was close to Barbados when she was captured.[8][a]
Although Lloyd's Register carried 109 vessels named Minerva, only the Minerva of this article had London–Barbados as its trade. Also, no other Minerva showed a trade of London–West Indies.
Notes
editCitations
edit- ^ a b LR (1792), Seq.No.623.
- ^ a b c d "Letter of Marque, p.78 - accessed 25 July 2017" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 October 2016. Retrieved 27 October 2018.
- ^ a b Trans Atlantic Slave Trade Database – Minerva voyage #18238.
- ^ a b Williams (1897), p. 680.
- ^ a b c d Trans Atlantic Slave Trade Database – Minerva voyage #18252.
- ^ LL, №4319.
- ^ a b Richardson (1996), p. 261..
- ^ "The Marine List". Lloyd's List. No. 4851. 8 March 1814. hdl:2027/hvd.32044105232912.
References
edit- Richardson, David, ed. (1996). Bristol, Africa, and the Eighteenth-Century Slave Trade to America, Vo. 4 The Final Years, 1770-1807. Bristol Record Society, c/o Department of Historical Studies, Univ. of Bristol. ISBN 0-901538-17-5.
- Williams, Gomer (1897). History of the Liverpool Privateers and Letters of Marque: With an Account of the Liverpool Slave Trade. W. Heinemann.