Minjuhwa or Minjoohwa (Korean: 민주화; Hanja: 民主化, sometimes 民主和) is political satire of the word democratization in South Korea. It now only remains in usage in far right communities despite its apolitical origins. It is alleged by some that it was coined in 1991, originally used by anonymous apolitical undergraduate netizens to describe violent opposition and mock annihilation of minority opinions.
| Minjuhwa | |
| Hangul | 민주화 |
|---|---|
| Hanja | 民主化, sometimes 民主和 |
| Revised Romanization | Minjuhwa |
| McCune–Reischauer | Minjuhwa |
South Korean newspaper Jeonjashinmun defines this term as "to suffer damage" or "to receive unfair treatment",[1] and says it is usually used in the expression Minjuhwadanghaetda (민주화당했다) or Minjuhwadanghada (민주화당하다).[2]
History and origins
editMinjuhwa originally meant "democratization" in the Korean language, and is still used in this positive context. However, in certain communities, the word was used in a different sense for violent campus activism, in which minjuhwa was satirically used to describe "anti-democratic" or "totalitarian" behaviour, or "populism", and in some cases, democracy disguised as an "fascism". Some trace the usage of the word from apolitical undergraduates in the June of 1991, when leftist undergraduates became angry in reaction to Hankuk University of Foreign Studies professor Jeong Won-sik becoming the prime minister of the Roh Tae-Woo government,[3] and threw eggs and attacked Jeong.[a][3][4]
Dong-A ilbo traces the origin of the negative usage to the 2008 US beef protest in South Korea, where false rumors about mad cow disease were propagated among leftist groups.[5]
In the 2010s, the meaning of the word expanded to include suffering from violence and forcing deprivation of money[6] and a common satirical meaning of assaulting disorderly students,[6] being beaten by teachers,[7] or assaulted by a ruffian. The term is also used to jokingly refer to the appearance of unattractive people.[6]
The term is used by the far right online community Ilbe Storehouse as a slang term and the name of their "down-voting button",[8] using "democratization" to mean "the citizens create chaos", "to destroy", or "to make disappear".[9]
Examples
edit- "My dog's breed name is minjuhwa" .
- "My girlfriend's shoes' name is minjuhwa".[b]
Notable uses
editDuring the May 14, 2013 broadcast of SBS Power FM's Choi Hwajung's Power Time, the four members of Secret participated in a game in which they were given two options and each member would say which one they preferred. The purpose of the game was to test the members' teamwork and see if they would agree and have the same set of answers.[8] Among the several pairs of choices given, the members of Secret were able to agree three times. After the MC declared this, Hyoseong then remarked:
저희는 개성을 존중하는 팀이거든요. 민주화시키지 않아요. (You see, we are a team that respects individuality. We don't force democratization.)
In response to this, netizens claimed that Hyoseong used the term "democratization" in a negative manner.[8][9]
Reception
editUsage of the word in a negative manner was criticized by leftist groups as distorting the values of democracy. The usage of the word was considered an influx of far right concepts.[11]
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ Some report that Minjuhwa was commonly used online in the 1990s by non-political undergraduates to humorously describe the violence of political undergraduates, with Internet usage spreading to the general South Korean populace in the mid and late 1990s,[citation needed]
- ^ A korean pun.Hwa is shoes in the Hangul pronunciation and spelling,[10] while Minju or Minjoo (민주) is a common Korean female name.
References
edit- ^ [인터넷 이디엄]<94>민주화 전자신문 2012.05.10
- ^ suffer of Minjuhwa or to undergo Minjuhwa
- ^ a b 91년 정원식 전 총리와 05년 이건희는 달라야 한다 - 오마이뉴스 05년 05월 04일자
- ^ 정원식총리 폭행사건 [鄭元植總理暴行事件]
- ^ "'민주화'가 나쁜 말?". The Dong-a Ilbo. 2013-05-16.
- ^ a b c "일진에게 민주화 당했다" 무슨 뜻? 한국일보 2012.04.25 (in Korean)
- ^ '민주화 당했다 = 나쁜일 당했다' 강원일보 2012.05.18 (in Korean)
- ^ a b c "130514 Summary About Hyosung & "Democratization"". Archived from the original on 2014-05-22. Retrieved 2014-05-22.
- ^ a b "Hyosung apologizes for her misuse of the word 'democratization'".
- ^ hwa (in Korean)
- ^ "민주화시키다". kyungbukilbo.