Minova is a town in the Kalehe Territory, Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is an important business center for farm-fishery products. It is very close to Idjwi Island, Masisi Territory, Lake Kivu on its North Western shore and is only 45 km from the Goma city.[citation needed] The town's development is linked with important refugee-related history, including those from Rwanda in 1994, those from Masisi in 1992–1997, and other surrounding areas[1] in northern South Kivu Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo.[2] It is known for being the site of the systematic rape of refugees by DRC troops. WE actually find many local organisations involved in the management of Gender Based Violence (GBV) working tirelessly to restore dignity to women and girls who were raped( Panzi Foundation DRC is one of them, and it is very active in Buzi -Bulenga area).
Minova | |
|---|---|
 | |
  Minova | |
| Coordinates: 01°42′25″S 029°01′09″E / 1.70694°S 29.01917°E | |
| Country |  DR Congo |
| Province | South Kivu |
| Territory | Kalehe |
| Chiefdom | Buhavu |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (Central Africa Time) |
History
editMinova is clearly one point of the Buhavu Chiefdom, headed by the Mwami Ntambuka dynasty, in the Kalehe Territory, South-Kivu Province. But the migrations of refugees and Humanitarians made this place to be developed, added to the recent activity of mining/minerals discovered in the surrounding mountains of Minova (Rubaya Mountains, Numbi Mountains, Nyabibwe Mountains, Kalungu Mountains) where Colombo-Tantalite and other minerals were discovered and extracted recently. Normally people from Minova are Havu, Hunde,Shi, Bahutu and Batembo ethnic groups. They live in a community of farmers, fishermen and small business entrepreneurs. The main products (beans, bananas, pineapple, cassava bread, fish, coffee, minerals, etc) are commercialized with Idjwi Island, Bukavu, Kabare, Walikale, Masisi and Goma inhabitants.There are Also General Hospitals (HGR Minova,CH Bulenga, CH Kalungu, HGR Kirotshe, CH Numbi) in the Minova catchment Area where people can receive quality healthcare services. There are also good schools, primary and secondary, either owned by religious institutions or the DRC Authorities where children receive their education by qualified teachers every year.) .[citation needed][clarification needed]
Since 1994, Minova has grown up from a village to a large town, primarily due to the influx of refugees (from Rwanda in 1994, from Masisi in 1990-1996 and other surrounding areas) and from the fighting associated with the First and the Second Congo wars and subsequent continued fighting in this eastern area.[1][3][4][5] As of 2012 Minova had grown to incorporate the former village of Butando and Buzi-Bulenga to the northwest.[6]
On June 13, 1999, the fugitive Valérie Bemeriki, a genocidaire and former Radio-Télévision Libre des Milles Collines animatrice, was arrested in Minova.[7]
For three days[which?] in 2012, troops of the DRC committed systematic rapes and atrocities against refugee women and girls, who had been run out of Goma, then controlled by M23 rebel troops.[8] Among the perpetrators were members of the US Special Forces-trained 391st Commando Battalion.[9] There was international outrage and UN condemnation of these actions against hundreds of Congolese civilians. In 2014 the DRC Army conducted the "Minova Trial", the largest rape tribunal in DRC history, at which numerous women testified. In the end, only junior officers were convicted at the trial. An international summit was held in London in 2014 to work on actions against rape in warfare. However, the women of Minova are still at risk, and many were attacked again as violence in the area continued.[8]
During the latest M23 offensive, in early February 2024 M23 rebels, backed by the Rwandan army, took control of the road linking Minova to Goma and Bukavu, causing the Congolese army to flee to Minova as well as tens of thousands of civilians. Humanitarian aid for the nearly 300,000 displaced people in Minova was reported as almost non-existent.[10]
Geography
editMinova is located in north-eastern part of Kalehe Territory at the head of Kabuno Bay, on the western shore of Lake Kivu. Minova is linked to Bukavu by road (75 km) and Lake Kivu, to Goma (about 40 km) by road and Lake Kivu, to Kibuye and Gisenyi by Lake Kivu, and to Masisi by road.[11] The bed rock consists of metamorphic schists and quartzites.[12]
Climate
editIn the Köppen-Geiger climate classification system, Minova's climate is tropical, wet, and dry (Aw). It is characterized by a very long rain season and a moderate dry season. This is a mountainous tropical climate and the temperature is under 30 Celsius degrees for the whole year (between 16 and 29 degrees Celsius).[13]
| Climate data for Maiduguri | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 25 (77) |
25 (77) |
25.2 (77.4) |
24.8 (76.6) |
24.7 (76.5) |
24.5 (76.1) |
24.6 (76.3) |
25.3 (77.5) |
25.3 (77.5) |
25.1 (77.2) |
24.7 (76.5) |
24.8 (76.6) |
24.9 (76.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 19.4 (66.9) |
19.4 (66.9) |
19.6 (67.3) |
19.4 (66.9) |
19.4 (66.9) |
18.7 (65.7) |
18.6 (65.5) |
19.3 (66.7) |
19.4 (66.9) |
19.4 (66.9) |
19.1 (66.4) |
19.3 (66.7) |
19.3 (66.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 13.8 (56.8) |
13.8 (56.8) |
14.1 (57.4) |
14.1 (57.4) |
14.1 (57.4) |
13 (55) |
12.6 (54.7) |
13.3 (55.9) |
13.5 (56.3) |
13.7 (56.7) |
13.5 (56.3) |
13.8 (56.8) |
13.6 (56.5) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 117 (4.6) |
100 (3.9) |
128 (5.0) |
156 (6.1) |
144 (5.7) |
63 (2.5) |
35 (1.4) |
75 (3.0) |
132 (5.2) |
160 (6.3) |
150 (5.9) |
147 (5.8) |
1,407 (55.4) |
| Source: Climate-Data.org (altitude: 1464m)[13] | |||||||||||||
Representation in other media
editThe American documentary The Testimony (2015) was made about the women and their testifying at the Minova trial.[citation needed]
References
edit- ^ a b "HOT Activation, South and North Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo". Humanitarian OpenStreetMap Team. 16 December 2012. Archived from the original on 8 January 2013.
- ^ Minova (Approved) at GEOnet Names Server, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
- ^ "Increase in forced labor, rape and harassment in eastern Congo". Oxfam International. 13 November 2008. Archived from the original on 22 August 2010. Retrieved 8 January 2013.
- ^ Delay, Jerome & Gouby, Melanie (26 November 2012). "Congolese town allegedly looted by gov't troops". The Guardian. Manchester, UK. Archived from the original on 8 January 2013.
- ^ Prekabo, Vicky (26 December 2012). "DRC: Helping displaced communities in Goma". United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA). Archived from the original on 8 January 2013. Retrieved 8 January 2013.
- ^ "Minova, Sud-Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo" (PDF). Reférential Geographique Commun, République Démocratique du Congo. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 January 2013.
- ^ "Valerie Bemeriki". TRIAL (Swiss association against impunity). Archived from the original on 8 April 2013.
- ^ a b Mark Townsend, "Revealed: how the world turned its back on rape victims of Congo", The Guardian, 13 June 2015; accessed 15 November 2017
- ^ Whitlock, Craig (23 May 2013). U.S.-trained Congolese troops committed rapes and other atrocities, U.N. says. Washington Post. Retrieved 14 December 2014.
- ^ Powell, Jim (15 March 2024). "The week around the world in 20 pictures". the Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 16 March 2024.
- ^ Territoire de Kalehe: Zone de santé de Minova (PDF) (Map). UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. 3 June 2014. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 September 2014.
- ^ Simplified geological map of Kabuno Bay, (Map). Archived from the original on 17 July 2018. from Smets, Benoit; et al. (2016). "The role of inherited crustal structures and magmatism in the development of rift segments: Insights from the Kivu basin, western branch of the East African Rift". Tectonophysics. 683: 62–76. doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2016.06.022.
- ^ a b "Climate: Minova - Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table". Climate-Data.org. Retrieved 3 December 2013.
External links
edit- Map "Minova, Sud-Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo" (PDF). Reférential Geographique Commun, République Démocratique du Congo.
- https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01646815/document
- Paroisse de bobandana/Minova
- https://www2.ulb.ac.be/espritlibre/html/el052006/42.html