This article needs additional citations for verification. (June 2009) |
The Missyplicity Project was a project devoted to cloning Joan Hawthorne and John Sperling's dog, a border collie and husky mix. Missy died on July 6, 2002, at the age of 15.[1]
| Species | Canis lupus familiaris |
|---|
History
editIn 1997, news that Dolly the sheep had been cloned inspired the couple to find out whether their dog Missy could also be cloned. In 1998, a multimillion-dollar project was launched to clone Missy, trading as "Genetic Savings & Clone". Missy died in 2002 before efforts to clone her had succeeded, but her DNA was gene banked for future cloning efforts.
One of the key scientists on the Missyplicity Project and Genetic Savings & Clone was Dr. Taeyoung Shin, who was born and completed his Ph.D. in South Korea before moving to the United States. After both The Missyplicity Project and GSC proved unable to clone dogs, Dr. Shin's Ph.D. thesis advisor, Dr. Hwang Woo-Suk, led a team of research scientists at Seoul National University in a major dog cloning effort. This project was designed to overcome the specific obstacles encountered by both the Missyplicity and GSC teams.
In 2005, Dr. Hwang and his team successfully cloned the world's first dog, which they named Snuppy.[2] In 2007, Lou Hawthorne, former CEO of GSC and current CEO of BioArts International, was introduced to Dr. Hwang and his team by Dr. Shin of BioArts, and asked if they would clone Missy. They agreed and Missy's conserved cells were flown to the Sooam Biotech Research Foundation outside of Seoul.
The scientists at Sooam, led by Dr. Hwang, used Missy's cells to successfully produce three Missy clones. After 10 years of research and effort, the quest to clone Missy had finally succeeded. Three identical clones of Missy were returned to the original owners. The clones are named Mira (after a Korean myth of an all-powerful benevolent dragon), Chingu (which means "friend" in Korean) and Sarang ("love").
Mira, born December 5, 2007, was the world's first clone of a family dog and bore a striking physical and behavioral resemblance to the original Missy. Chingu and Sarang were born on February 15 and 19.[3] They were flown to the United States on April 18, where they joined their genetic sister Mira.
Related projects
editThe news of the project to clone Missy spread quickly, and many people contacted Hawthorne and Sperling wanting to gene bank and clone their own pets. In response to this demand, several members of the Missyplicity Project founded Genetic Savings & Clone (GSC) in February 2000.
Operation CopyCat was a branch of the Missyplicity Project that concentrated on cloning cats, after the discovery that dog genes are harder to copy than cat genes. Operation CopyCat announced that on December 22, 2001, CopyCat was born of the Missyplicity Project. She was called CC for short, and was born at the Texas A&M, College of Veterinary Medicine.
BioArts and Sooam decided to partner to offer a limited number of cloning spots to the public through a program called "Best Friends Again" in 2008.[4] In 2009, Lou Hawthorne the CEO of BioArts announced he was withdrawing from the program due to the small market, unethical competition, weak intellectual property protection, unscalable bioethics and unpredictable results.[5] However Sooam Biotech continued developing proprietary techniques[6] based on a licence from ViaGen's subsidiary Start Licensing (which owns the original Dolly patent[7]) and continued creating cloned dogs for owners whose dogs had died, charging $100,000 a time.[8] Sooam Biotech was reported to have cloned 700 dogs by 2015,[8] a cloning success rate of 40%[9] and to be producing 500 cloned embryos of various species a day in 2016.[10]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Cloning Man's Best Friend: How Far Would You Go to Keep Fido? - ABC News". abcnews.go.com. 2008-05-21. Retrieved 2012-01-23.
- ^ Kim, Min Jung; Oh, Hyun Ju; Kim, Geon A; Setyawan, Erif Maha Nugraha; Choi, Yoo Bin; Lee, Seok Hee; Petersen-Jones, Simon M.; Ko, CheMyong J.; Lee, Byeong Chun (10 November 2017). "Birth of clones of the world's first cloned dog". Scientific Reports. 7 (1): 15235. Bibcode:2017NatSR...715235K. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-15328-2. PMC 5681657. PMID 29127382.
- ^ "Pet cloning: Best friends reunited". Telegraph. Archived from the original on 2009-01-25. Retrieved 2012-01-23.
- ^ "BioArts International Ends Cloning Service". 10 September 2009. Archived from the original on 25 May 2008.
- ^ Hawthorne, Lou. "Six Reasons We're No Longer Cloning sogs". BioArts International web site. Retrieved 25 February 2016.
- ^ Agence France-Presse (September 20, 2009). "South Korea scientist wins dog cloning court battle". The China Post.
- ^ Dean, Josh (22 October 2014). "For $100,000, You Can Clone Your Dog". Bloomberg business. Retrieved 26 February 2016.
- ^ a b Taylor, Diane (24 December 2015). "UK couple have dead dog cloned in South Korea". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 February 2016.
- ^ Baer, Drake (8 September 2015). "This Korean lab has nearly perfected dog cloning, and that's just the start". Tech Insider, Innovation. Retrieved 27 February 2016.
- ^ Zastrow, Mark (8 February 2016). "Inside the cloning factory that creates 500 new animals a day". New Scientist. Retrieved 23 February 2016.
Hossein MS, Jeong YW, Park SW, Kim JJ, Lee E, Ko KH, Kim HS, Kim YW, Hyun SH, Shin T, Hawthorne L, Hwang WS.Cloning missy: obtaining multiple offspring of a specific canine genotype by somatic cell nuclear transfer. Cloning Stem Cells. 2009 Mar;11(1):123-30. doi: 10.1089/clo.2008.0029.