Mkrtchyan or Mkrtchian (Armenian: Մկրտչյան, pronounced [məkəɾtˈtʃʰjɑn]) is an Armenian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
- Aghvan Mkrtchyan (born 1981), Armenian football defender
- Armen Mkrtchyan (born 1973), Armenian wrestler
- Arthur Mkrtchyan (born 1973), retired Armenian football defender
- Artur Mkrtchyan (1959–1992), the First Chairman of Supreme Council of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic
- Karlen Mkrtchyan (born 1988), Armenian football midfielder
- Levon Mkrtchyan (born 1953), Armenian director known for documentaries
- Lilit Mkrtchian (born 1982), Armenian grandmaster and four-time Armenian Women's champion
- Frunzik (Mher) Mkrtchyan (1930–1993), Soviet Armenian actor, named a People's Artist of the Soviet Union in 1984
- Samvel Mkrtchyan (1959–2014), Armenian translator, editor and writer
- Susanna Mkrtchyan (born 1949), Armenian professor and founder of Wikimedia Armenia