Molly was launched at Halifax, Nova Scotia, in 1783. From at least 1785 on she sailed from Lancaster as a West Indiaman. In 1792 she made one voyage as a Liverpool-based slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people. A French squadron captured her in 1794 at the outset of her second slave voyage, before she could acquire any slaves.
| History | |
|---|---|
 Great Britain | |
| Name | Molly |
| Launched | 1783, Halifax, Nova Scotia |
| Captured | 1794 |
| General characteristics | |
| Tons burthen | 80,[1] or 96, or 107,[2] or 144[3] (bm) |
| Armament | 10 × 4-pounder guns (1793) |
Career
editMissing online issues of Lloyd's Register (LR) mean that Molly first appeared in the register in 1786,[1] even though she had already appeared in Lloyd's List in 1785. For many years Lloyd's Register gave her origin as simply "Amer", though by the early 1790s it had switched to "Halifax".
| Year | Master | Owner | Trade | Source & notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1789 | Greenwood Nunns |
J.Jackson | Lancaster–St Kitts | LR; raised and repaired 1785 |
| 1791 | J.Nunns Boswell |
J.Jackson | Lancaster–St Kitts | LR; raised and repaired 1785, repaired 1788 & 1790 |
| 1792 | Bosworth J.Coulthard |
Jackson & Co. Fisher & Co. |
Lancaster–St Kitts Liverpool–Africa |
LR; raised and repaired 1785, repaired 1788 & 1790 |
1st voyage transporting enslaved people (1792–1793): Captain John Coulthard sailed from Liverpool on 28 September 1792, bound for West Africa. This was his first voyage as a captain. Unfortunately for him, he died on 27 February 1793.[4] Captain Nehemiah Evans replaced Coulthard. Molly arrived at Kingston on 25 May 1793 with 134 captives. She sailed for Liverpool on 19 July and arrived back there on 2 October. She had left Liverpool with 19 crew members and she had suffered 11 crew deaths on her voyage.[2]
| Year | Master | Owner | Trade | Source & notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1793 | J.Coulthard | Fisher & Co. | Liverpool–Africa | LR; raised and repaired 1785, repaired 1788 & 1790 |
| 1794 | J.Sellars | R.Fisher | Liverpool–Africa | LR; raised and repaired 1785, repaired 1788 & 1790 |
| 1794 | J.Sellars | R.Fisher | Liverpool–Africa | LR; raised and repaired 1785, repaired 1788, 1790, & 1794 |
2nd voyage transporting enslaved people (1794–Loss): Captain John Sillars sailed from Liverpool on 5 July 1794.[3]
Fate
editIn September 1794 a French naval squadron comprising the razee Experiment under the command of lieutenant de vaisseau Arnaud, Vigilance, Félicité, Épervier, and Mutine was cruising the West African coast, destroying British factories and shipping.[5] Among many other vessels, they captured two vessels belonging to the Sierra Leone Company, Harpy, and Thornton, and Molly, Sellers, master.
In 1794, 25 British vessels engaged in the triangular trade in enslaved people were lost. At least three were lost on the coast of Africa.[6] During the period 1793 to 1807, war, rather than maritime hazards or resistance by the captives, was the greatest cause of vessel losses among British enslaving vessels.[7]
Citations
edit- ^ a b LR (1786), Seq.No.M432.
- ^ a b Trans Atlantic Slave Trade Database – Molly voyage #82785.
- ^ a b Trans Atlantic Slave Trade Database – Molly voyage #82786.
- ^ Behrendt (1990), p. 134.
- ^ "The Marine List". Lloyd's List. No. 2689. 10 February 1795. hdl:2027/uc1.c3049068.
- ^ Inikori (1996), p. 62.
- ^ Inikori (1996), p. 58.
References
edit- Behrendt, Stephen D. (1990). "The Captains in the British slave trade from 1785 to 1807" (PDF). Transactions of the Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire. 140.
- Inikori, Joseph (1996). "Measuring the unmeasured hazards of the Atlantic slave trade: Documents relating to the British trade". Revue française d'histoire d'outre-mer. 83 (312): 53–92.