Montes de Oca is a Spanish surname meaning "mountains of goose". Notable people with the surname include:
- Bryce Montes de Oca (born 1996), American baseball player
- Eliecer Montes de Oca (born 1971), Cuban baseball player
- Fernando Montes de Oca (1829–1847), Mexican hero
- Isidoro Montes de Oca (1789–1847), Mexican-Filipino revolutionary soldier
- Marco Antonio Montes de Oca (1932-2009), Mexican poet and painter