Wikipedia

Moody's Corporation

Moody's Corporation is an American business and financial services company. It is the holding company for Moody's Ratings (previously known as Moody's Investors Service), an American credit rating agency, and Moody's (previously known as Moody's Analytics), an American provider of financial analysis software and services.

Moody's Corporation
Company typePublic
IndustryBusiness and financial services
PredecessorJohn Moody & Company
Founded1909; 115 years ago (1909)
FounderJohn Moody
Headquarters
7 World Trade Center
New York City
,
United States
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
RevenueIncrease US$5.92 billion (2023)
Increase US$2.14 billion (2023)
Increase US$1.61 billion (2023)
Total assetsIncrease US$14.6 billion (2023)
Total equityIncrease US$3.32 billion (2023)
OwnerBerkshire Hathaway (13.5%)
Number of employees
15,151 (2023)
Subsidiaries
Websitemoodys.com
Footnotes / references
[1][2]

Moody's was founded by John Moody in 1909 to produce manuals of statistics related to stocks and bonds and bond ratings. Moody's was acquired by Dun & Bradstreet in 1962. In 2000, Dun & Bradstreet spun off Moody's Corporation as a separate company that was listed on the NYSE under MCO. In 2007, Moody's Corporation was split into two operating divisions, Moody's Investors Service, the rating agency, and Moody's Analytics, with all of its other products.[3] It was included in the Fortune 500 list for the first time in 2021.[4]

History of Moody's

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Moody's Corporation traces its history back to two publishing companies established by John Moody, the inventor of modern bond credit ratings. It was first published in 1900 by John Moody, nine years before he founded Moody's Corporation. Initially called Moody's Manual of Industrial and Miscellaneous Securities, it was later superseded by Moody's Manual of Railroads and Corporation Securities, then by Moody's Analyses of Investments.[5][6]

In 1900, Moody published his first market assessment, called Moody's Manual of Industrial and Miscellaneous Securities, and established John Moody & Company.[7] The publication provided detailed statistics relating to stocks and bonds of financial institutions, government agencies, manufacturing, mining, utilities, and food companies. It experienced early success, selling out its first print run in its first two months.

By 1903, Moody's Manual was a nationally recognized publication.[8] The 1907 financial crisis fueled several changes in the markets, including the creation of the Federal Reserve System.[7] Meanwhile, Moody was forced to sell his business, due to a shortage of capital.[8] Moody returned in 1909 with a new publication focused solely on railroad bonds, Analysis of Railroad Investments,[9][10] and a new company, Moody's Analyses Publishing Company.[7]

In 1962, Moody's Investors Service was bought by Dun & Bradstreet, a firm engaged in the related field of credit reporting, although they continued to operate largely as independent companies.[11] By the late 1990s, Moody's superior performance compared to its parent company brought investor pressure to separate the businesses.[12] In 1998, Dun & Bradstreet sold the Moody's publishing business to Financial Communications (later renamed Mergent).[13] In December 1999, Dun & Bradstreet announced it would spin off Moody's Investors Service into a separate publicly traded company.[14] The spin-off was completed on September 30, 2000.[15]

In December 2022, the company was added to the Dow Jones Sustainability World Index.[16]

Moody's Ratings

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Main article: Moody's Ratings

Moody's Ratings, previously known as Moody's Investors Service, is the bond credit rating business of Moody's Corporation, representing the company's traditional line of business and its historical name. Moody's Ratings rates debt securities in several market segments related to public and commercial securities in the bond market. These include government, municipal and corporate bonds; managed investments such as money market funds, fixed-income funds and hedge funds; financial institutions including banks and non-bank finance companies; and asset classes in structured finance.[17]

Moody's Ratings closest competitors are Standard & Poor's (S&P) and Fitch Group. Together, they are sometimes referred to as the Big Three credit rating agencies. Moody's Ratings and its close competitors play a key role in global capital markets as a supplementary credit analysis provider for banks and other financial institutions in assessing the credit risk of particular securities.[18]

According to Moody's, the purpose of its ratings is to "provide investors with a simple system of gradation by which future relative creditworthiness of securities may be gauged". To each of its ratings from Aaa through Caa, Moody's appends numerical modifiers 1, 2 and 3; the lower the number, the higher-end the rating. Aaa, Ca and C are not modified this way.[19][20]

Moody's

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Main article: Moody's Analytics

Moody's, previously known as Moody's Analytics, is a subsidiary of Moody's Corporation established in 2007 to focus on non-rating activities.[21] It performs economic research related to credit analysis, performance management, financial modeling, structured analysis and financial risk management. Moody's also offers software and consulting services, including proprietary economic models and software tools, as well as professional training for the financial services sector, particularly risk management accreditation.

Moody's Analytics started in 1995 as a business unit providing quantitative analysis services, including credit risk assessment software and services, called Moody's Risk Management Service (MRMS),[7][15] and grew through partnerships and acquisitions in the late 1990s and 2000s, expanding its client base and capabilities.[15] Acquisitions included KMV, Economy.com, Wall Street Analytics, Fermat International, Enb Consulting Ltd., The Institute of Risk Standards and Qualifications (iRSQ), CSI Global Education Inc.,[22] and Bureau van Dijk[23][circular reference].

The Moody's Foundation

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In 2002, Moody's Corporation created a corporate philanthropy program, The Moody's Foundation, focused on educational initiatives in mathematics, economics and finance. The organization offers grants to 501(c)(3) non-profits and equivalent international organizations, accredited schools and some governmental organizations.[24]

Since 2006, its main program is the annual Moody's Mega Math Challenge (M3 Challenge), a student academic challenge co-sponsored with the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM),[25] in which several hundred teams of high school students use quantitative analysis and modeling to solve problems related to real-life financial topics such as Social Security and the Economic Stimulus Act of 2008.[26][27] Since 2010.[28]

Moody's Research Labs

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Moody's Research Labs, Inc. was a business incubator focused on research and development specializing in financial risk modeling and analysis, focused on developing such products for use by other divisions of Moody's Corporation.[29] Its president was Roger Stein.[30] In March 2011 Moody's Analytics announced the release of a software program developed by Moody's Research Labs, the Mortgage Portfolio Analyzer, to assist portfolio managers in managing credit risk.[31] Moody's Research Labs was dissolved in February 2012.

Lawsuit settlements

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October 2011: Moody’s reached a settlement resolving claims by the state of Connecticut that the credit rating company unfairly gave lower ratings to public bonds.[32]

July 2012: Moody’s said it reached a settlement with stockholders in lawsuits filed over structured finance ratings.[33]

April 2013: Moody's reached a settlement avoiding what would have been their first jury trial over crisis-era ratings. The fourteen plaintiffs, were led by Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank and King County, Washington. They claimed lawsuits filed in 2008 and 2009 that Moody's misled them by allegedly inflating ratings on two so-called structured investment vehicles they purchased.[34]

January 2017: Moody's Corporation, Moody's Analytics, and Moody's Investors Service reached an $863 million settlement with the U.S. Department of Justice and the attorneys general of 21 states and the District of Columbia "Arising From Conduct in the Lead up to the Financial Crisis." "The settlement resolves allegations arising from Moody’s role in providing credit ratings for Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities (RMBS) and Collateralized Debt Obligations (CDO), contributing to the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression." Then California Attorney General Kamala Harris and then Missouri Attorney General Josh Hawley were among the 21 state signatories.[35]

March 2021: Moody's reached a settlement with the European Union regarding conflicts of interest. Moody's was fined €3.7 million ($4.35 million).[36]

Acquisitions

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In 2019, Moody's Corporation purchased the majority share in the California-based climate risk data firm, Four Twenty Seven (427), that "measures the physical risks" of "climate change".[37] This acquisition is the "latest indication that global warming can threaten the creditworthiness of governments and companies" globally, according to a July 25, 2019 article in The New York Times.[37] In 2021, Moody's acquired Risk Management Solutions (RMS) from Daily Mail and General Trust for $2 billion. RMS generates risk models for the insurance and reinsurance industries.[38]

References

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  1. ^ "Moody's Corporation 2023 Annual Report (Form 10-K)". U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. February 14, 2024.
  2. ^ "Moody's Corporation 2023 Proxy Statement (Form DEF 14A)". U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. March 8, 2023.
  3. ^ "Moody's Corporation Announces New Business Unit Structure August 7, 2007". www.allbusiness.com.
  4. ^ "Fortune 500 – Moody's". Fortune. Archived from the original on June 10, 2017. Retrieved June 2, 2021.
  5. ^ Evans, Peter (May 13, 2010). "Debt rating alphabet soup can spell disaster". CBC. Retrieved June 13, 2010.
  6. ^ Frye, Andrew; Leising, Matthew (December 23, 2009). "Buffett Sells Moody's Stock for Sixth Time Since July (Update2)". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on December 27, 2009. Retrieved June 13, 2010.
  7. ^ a b c d Sinclair, Timothy J. (2005). The New Masters of Capital: American Bond Rating Agencies and the Politics of Creditworthiness. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-7491-0. Retrieved August 30, 2011.
  8. ^ a b "Moody's History: A Century of Market Leadership". moody's.com. Retrieved August 17, 2011.
  9. ^ White, Lawrence J. (Spring 2010). "The Credit Rating Agencies". Journal of Economic Perspectives. 24 (2): 211–226. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.612.7054. doi:10.1257/jep.24.2.211.
  10. ^ Yasuyuki, Fuchita; Robert E. Litan (2006). Financial Gatekeepers: Can They Protect Investors?. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press. ISBN 978-0-8157-2981-5. Retrieved August 30, 2011.
  11. ^ Richard Sylla (March 1–2, 2000). A Historical Primer on the Business of Credit Ratings (PDF). The Role of Credit Reporting Systems in the International Economy. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 28, 2017. Retrieved August 30, 2011.
  12. ^ Lynn Sherman (December 16, 1999). "Independent Moody's Could Be A More Vigorous Competitor". The Bond Buyer.
  13. ^ Reporter, a Wall Street Journal Staff (July 16, 1998). "Publishing Start-Up Agrees to Buy Moody's Information Publishing Unit". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved August 3, 2021.
  14. ^ Kenneth N. Gilpin (December 16, 1999). "Dun & Bradstreet Will Spin Off Moody's". The New York Times. Retrieved August 30, 2011.
  15. ^ a b c Louise Bowman (November 2000). "Moody's blues". Airfinance Journal. Retrieved August 30, 2011.
  16. ^ "Dow Jones Sustainability Indices Results Announced: Walmart, Disney in, Starbucks, UPS Out". December 12, 2022.
  17. ^ "Market Segment". moodys.com. Moody's Investors Service. 2011. Retrieved August 30, 2011.
  18. ^ "Principles for Reducing Reliance on CRA Ratings" (PDF). financialstabilityboard.org. Financial Stability Board. October 27, 2010. Retrieved August 30, 2011.
  19. ^ "Ratings Definitions". moodys.com. Moody's Investors Service. 2011. Retrieved August 30, 2011.
  20. ^ "Report on the Activities of Credit Rating Agencies" (PDF). The Technical Committee of the International Organization of Securities Commissions. September 2003. Retrieved December 1, 2011.
  21. ^ Timothy W. Martin & Michael Calia (April 25, 2014). "Moody's Profit Rises 16% on Analytics Strength". The Wall Street Journal.
  22. ^ "Moody's Analytics History". moodysanalytics.com. Moody's Analytics. Retrieved August 30, 2011.
  23. ^ Bureau van Dijk
  24. ^ "Frequently Asked Questions". moodys.com. The Moody's Foundation. 2010. Retrieved August 30, 2011.[permanent dead link‍]
  25. ^ Jane Gordon (April 23, 2006). "That Was Easy: Social Security Problem Solved". The New York Times. Retrieved August 30, 2011.
  26. ^ "Teens Ask: Will the Stimulus Package Work?" (Press release). Business Wire. April 8, 2009. Archived from the original on October 19, 2013. Retrieved August 30, 2011.
  27. ^ Kristin Jesson Bucci (May 6, 2009). "West Windsor-Plainsboro North team in top five in Moody's Math Challenge". The Trenton Times. Retrieved August 30, 2011.
  28. ^ Alice Korngold (November 1, 2009). "Moody's Mega Math Challenge: Wall Street's Strategic Philanthropy". Fast Company. Retrieved August 30, 2011.
  29. ^ "Company Info". moodysresearchlabs.com. Moody's Research Labs. 2011. Retrieved August 30, 2011.[permanent dead link‍]
  30. ^ "Leadership Team". moodysresearchlabs.com. Moody's Research Labs. 2011. Retrieved August 30, 2011.[permanent dead link‍]
  31. ^ "Moody's Analytics Launches Mortgage Portfolio Analyzer (MPA)" (Press release). Business Wire. March 8, 2011. Archived from the original on September 19, 2018. Retrieved August 30, 2011.
  32. ^ "Moody's, S&P, Fitch Settle Connecticut Lawsuit Over Public Bond Ratings". Bloomberg News. October 14, 2011. Retrieved September 28, 2012.
  33. ^ "Moody's Settles With Shareholders in Structured-Finance Suit". Bloomberg News. July 24, 2012. Retrieved September 28, 2012.
  34. ^ "S&P, Moody's Settle Ratings Lawsuit". The Wall Street Journal. April 28, 2013. Retrieved June 23, 2013.
  35. ^ "Justice Department and State Partners Secure Nearly $864 Million Settlement with Moody's Arising from Conduct in the Lead up to the Financial Crisis". January 13, 2017.
  36. ^ "EU fines Moody's for failing to disclose conflicts of interests". Reuters. March 30, 2021. Retrieved July 26, 2021.
  37. ^ a b Flavelle, Christopher (July 25, 2019). "Moody's Buys Climate Data Firm, Signaling New Scrutiny of Climate Risks". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 25, 2019.
  38. ^ Wallace, Mia. "Revealed – Moody's acquires RMS". www.insurancebusinessmag.com. Insurance Business America. Retrieved August 7, 2021.
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  •   Media related to Moody's at Wikimedia Commons
  • Official website
  • Business data for Moody's Corporation:
  • Moody's Research Labs
  • The Moody's Foundation
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