The Morlach troops was an irregular military group in the Dalmatian hinterland, composed of Morlachs (a pre-modern ethnic identity of Slavic speaking people of diverse ethnic origin[1]), that was hired by the Republic of Venice to fight the Ottoman Empire during the Cretan War (1645–69) and the Great Turkish War (1683–99).[2]
| Morlachs | |
|---|---|
| Leaders | See list |
| Dates of operation | 1645–1699 |
| Active regions | Dalmatian hinterland |
| Ideology | Christianity |
| Size | 1,500 (Cretan War) |
| Part of | Venetian army |
| Allies | Republic of Venice |
| Opponents | Ottoman Empire |
Leaders
editThe leaders, called harambaša (tr. "bandit leader") and serdar ("commander-in-chief"), held several titles in Venetian service.
- Cretan War
- Stjepan Sorić, Catholic priest, "governator delli Morlachi"
- Ilija Smiljanić, "governator principale"
- Petar Smiljanić, "capo"
- Vuk Mandušić, "capo direttore"
- Janko Mitrović, "capo principale de Morlachi"
- Šimun Bortulačić, "governator"
- Jovan Dračevac, "governator"
- Petronije Selaković, Orthodox monk
History
editWith the Cretan War (1645–69), a solid organization was needed, with an officer commanding over several harambaše.[3] At first this position was undetermined.[3] Priest Stjepan Sorić is mentioned as "governator delli Morlachi", Petar Smiljanić as "capo", Vuk Mandušić as "capo direttore", and Janko Mitrović as "capo principale de Morlachi", Jovan Dračevac as "governator" etc.[4][3] This "Uskok" or "Morlach" army had less than 1,500 fighters.[5]
Legacy
editThe rebel fighters are enumerated in Croatian and Serbian epic poetry, of which there is a cyclus.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Madunić, Domagoj (2023). "'La devotissima, e fedelissima natione de Morlacchi'. Morlaci/Vlasi o sebi samima. Identitetske diskurzivne prakse Morlaka pod mletačkom vlašću u doba Kandijskoga rata (1645. – 1669.)" ['La devotissima, e fedelissima natione de Morlacchi'. The Morlachs/Vlachs about Themselves. Discursive Identity Practices of the Morlachs under Venetian rule during the War of Candia (1645-1669)]. Povijesni prilozi (in Croatian). 42 (65): 59–87. doi:10.22586/pp.v42i65.27860. Retrieved 1 February 2024.
- ^ Tea Mayhew 2008.
- ^ a b c Univerzitet u Beogradu. Filološki fakultet (1958). Prilozi za književnost, jezik, istoriju i folklor, Volume 24, Parts 1-2 (in Serbo-Croatian). Државна штампарија Краљевине Срба, Хрвата и Словенаца. p. 11.
- ^ Boško Desnica (1950–1951). Istorija Kotarski Uskoka 1646–1749 (PDF) (in Serbian). Vol. I–II. Venice: SANU. pp. 140, 141, 142.
- ^ Radovan Samardžić (1981). Istorija srpskog naroda, Volume 3, Part 1 (in Serbian). Srpska knjiiževna zadruga.
Ускочку војску, у којој укупно није било ни 1.500 људи, предводили су, поред осталих, харамбаше Петар Смиља- нић, поп Стеван Суботић (Сорић) и калуђер Петроније Селаковић.
Sources
edit- Tea Mayhew (2008). Dalmatia Between Ottoman and Venetian Rule: Contado Di Zara, 1645-1718. Viella. ISBN 978-88-8334-334-6.