Mothers of East Los Angeles (MELA), started in 1986, as a group of Latina mothers to fight the proposed construction of a state prison in East Los Angeles by Governor George Deukmejian.[1] Rosa Diseno, Lucy Ramos, Mary Lou Trevis, Juana Gutierrez, and Aurora Castillo are some of the founding mothers among the 400-member group.[2] Two organizations exist today which originate from the same founding members, one organization being the Mothers of East LA and the other being Madres de Este Los Angeles, Santa Isabel.[3] Both groups are primarily focused on environmental justice because they are mothers who have coalesced around something of immediate importance to them, the safety of their families and children".[4] They are known nationally for their victory over the proposed state prison in East L.A. which later led MELA to take on many issues that have affected their environment and quality of life and has been unceasing in their dedication to protect their community from other projects they perceive as harmful.
Political history
edit- East Los Angeles State Prison
The California Department of Corrections (CDC) was ordered by the California state legislators to build a prison in the Los Angeles County because of the disproportionate number of inmates that originated from the SoCal area.[5] Plans regarding the site location had been under debate for three years prior to the announcement of a new prison in the region of East Los Angeles in March 1985.[5] Many people were not aware until Assemblywoman Gloria Molina directed attention to the issue.[6] Molina began to rally the support of organizations and coalitions which helped gain time for their movement to grow but was coming to a decisive point by September 1986.[7] Not long before that a parish priest Monsignor John Moretta[2] had become part of the prison opposition and gained certain prominence in the movement.[8] He was responsible for naming the mothers as "Mothers of East L.A." MELA's involvement in the opposition for the prison created a greater sense of community,[9] exposed the potential dangers that the prison could present to the existing mixed residential-industrial community, and gained major publicity protesting against the prison construction.[2] When the prison came up for a vote in the summer of 1991, it failed by four votes.
Environmental Justice
editIncinerator in Vernon
editIn 1987 California Thermal Treatment Systems announced that an incinerator was going "to be constructed in the heart of the South Coast Air Basin, in the city of Vernon, within 7,500 feet (2,300 m) of homes, schools, churches, hospitals, and food processing facilities".[6] The planning for this incinerator had been under the rug for two years[6] before the news was announced. Assemblywoman Lucille Roybal-Allard quickly gathered support from the East LA community such as MELA and Greenpeace.[10] They were able to organize protest marches, keep the community aware using their bilingual[6] ties, and attend important hearings to make their voices publicly heard. MELA actively participated in the fight against the incinerator for several reasons: harmful health effects from probable increased air, pollution,[10] environmental discrimination from large companies[6] and failure for the Environmental Protection Agency and CTTS to undergo proper legal procedures.[10] After a six-year battle, MELA sued the Environmental Protection Agency for failure to provide Environmental Impact Report prior to agreeing to the continuance of the project. In 1991 the incinerator project was abandoned due to high opposition from health risks and a change of a new conditional agreement which included "preparing an EIR, and to incorporate 'best available control technology’ (BACT), and update its health risk assessment".[10]
Treatment plant
editA few weeks after the victory over the incinerator project, ChemClear, a treatment plant for hazardous waste, was proposed in the Huntington Park, California. MELA, Senator Al Torres, California Association of School Health Educators and other important groups played a critical role in petitioning and protesting against the plant. They rose issues against the facility location, an emergency contingency plan, waste minimization, fugitive emissions, methods of public outreach, and alternate transportation routes.[11] In 1991, Chem Clear abandoned the project due to a recession.[12] Nonetheless, MELA considered it a victory against yet another harmful project.[12]
School air quality
editIn 2011, MELA began working on improving the air quality of 7 schools in Boyle Heights. This project is being funded through the $1 million grant from Reformulated Gasoline Fund.[13] MELA's goal is to create a better environment for children because Los Angeles has a reputation for having bad air pollution.[14]
Motherly activism
editMELA transformed traditional networks, resources based on family, and Mexican American culture to defend their communities from injustices. They made important connections to the mother's role as selfless caregivers by using political activism as a tool to extend that care towards the community. They have also strived to be inclusive to non-mothers. Members from MELA often relate the conditions of their low income communities and their histories to be a strong factor in believing that they have the right to oppose state-proposed projects if they believe it is detrimental to the health of the community.[15]
Allies
editMothers of East LA has worked alongside many other organizations that have fought for the quality of life in the community.
| Organization | About |
|---|---|
| Watchdog | focusing in environmental issues through "education, scientific analysis, and public protest”[16] |
| Concerned Citizens of South Central Los Angeles | non-profit organization that works to create and help low income housing projects around their community[citation needed] |
| AD Hoc Committee | works to try to end poverty in Los Angeles and all around California |
| Boyle Heights Chamber of Commerce | a business oriented private nonprofit organization that tries to make resources more accessible to the public and tries to be involved with city beautification projects |
| Hollenbeck Youth Center | an organization that focuses on providing enrichment programs through athletics, education, culture, and community activities for kids |
| TELACU | tries to improve and enforce ideas on how to protect and make the community grow to become a safe and clean environment |
These organizations assist MELA in creating public improvement projects geared towards greater community.
Work during the 21st century
editMELA's focuses on conservation programs like health education campaigns, raising money for scholarships, informing the community about environmental injustice through mass demonstrations, community and legal hearings.[9]
In 2010 MELA has been involved fighting against the proposed CVS Pharmacy in place of the historic Golden Gate Theater which was built in 1927.[17] MELA argued that the construction of a CVS could have hazardous environmental effects and increase the alcohol selling/buying ratio.[18] The East Los Angeles Association (ELARA) stated that "it would mean critical revenue for any future city of East Los Angeles."[19] The Board of supervisors allowed the conversion of the theater to CVS store.[19]
References
edit- ^ "MELA official website". Archived from the original on April 6, 2008. Retrieved September 22, 2013.
- ^ a b c Varley, Pamela (2000). ""No Prison in East L.A.!" A Birth of a Grassroots Movement". John F. Kennedy School of Government, Case Studies Program. Retrieved July 7, 2021.
- ^ "Mothers of East Los Angeles". U.S. National Park Service. September 28, 2021. Retrieved June 14, 2023.
- ^ Sahagun, Louis (August 13, 1989). "The Mothers of East L.A. Transform Themselves and Their Neighborhood". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved April 10, 2012.
- ^ a b Miller, Lesley (June 24, 2006). "East LA Prison Stakeholder Analysis" (PDF). Memorandum.[dead link]
- ^ a b c d e Stuart, Betsy (Spring 1992). "Passion of Aurora Castilla: The Militant Mothers of East L.A." (PDF). Northeast Papers Inc. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 27, 2013. Retrieved April 20, 2012.
- ^ Rojas, Leslie Berestein (March 16, 2023). "Gloria Molina Has Championed LA's Eastside. Looking Back At Some Of Her Landmark Efforts". LAist. Retrieved June 14, 2023.
- ^ Campa, Andrew J. (May 28, 2023). "After 40 years, Boyle Heights priest still irks politicians and fights for his flock". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved June 14, 2023.
- ^ a b Pardo, Mary S. (1998). Mexican American Women Activists: Identity and Resistance in Two Los Angeles Communities. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. ISBN 1-56639-572-0.
- ^ a b c d Reynolds, Joel. "California Heroes Â" Toppling a Toxic Incinerator". Summary. Planning and Conservation League Foundation. Archived from the original on September 1, 2013. Retrieved April 10, 2012.
- ^ "RCRA Permit Appeal Fact Sheet" (PDF). Environmental Protection Agency. 1991. Retrieved April 16, 2012.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b Holguin, Rick (May 16, 1991). "Group Launches Petition Drive Against Hazardous Waste Plant : Construction: The opponents of the facility say a full environmental impact report is needed". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved April 17, 2012.
- ^ "'Mothers of East LA' Takes On Air Quality at Boyle Heights Schools". EPG News Service. August 4, 2011. Retrieved April 10, 2012.
- ^ American Lung Association, American Lung Association (2011). "The State of Air 2011" (PDF). The State of Air (Report): 11–13. Retrieved April 19, 2012.
- ^ Pardo, Mary (March 1990). "Mexican American Women Grassroots Community Activists: "Mothers of East L.A."". Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies. 11.1. 1–7 (Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies): 1–7. doi:10.2307/3346696. JSTOR 3346696.
- ^ O'Neill, Stephanie (April 9, 1993). "Mothers Fight Pollution in East LA". Living on Earth. Retrieved September 20, 2022.
- ^ Smith, Dakota (May 25, 2010). "East LA's Golden Gate Theater Cleared for CVS Conversion". Curbed L.A. Retrieved April 20, 2012.
- ^ "Mothers of East Los Angeles Appeal Golden Gate Theatre Drugstore Project". EPG News Service. May 20, 2012. Retrieved April 12, 2012.
- ^ a b Salgado, C.J. (June 23, 2010). "What would East LA get out of cityhood?". The Eastsider. Retrieved April 16, 2012.
Further reading
edit- Thomas, Christopher Scott (October 20, 2018). "The Mothers of East Los Angeles: (Other)Mothering for Environmental Justice". Southern Communication Journal. 83 (5): 293–309. doi:10.1080/1041794X.2018.1488986. ISSN 1041-794X. S2CID 158445586.
- "Guide to the Juana Beatriz Gutiérrez Mothers of East Los Angeles (MELA) Collection". 1978–2004 – via Online Archive of California. The archives of Mothers of East Los Angeles are held in the University Library at California State University, Northridge.