The Mud Creek Glacier is the southernmost glacier on Mount Shasta in the U.S. state of California. It lies to the east of Sargents Ridge on Shastarama point near 10,915 feet (3,327 m) above sea level.[1][2] The glacier is smaller than the northern ones on Mount Shasta such as Whitney, Hotlum, Bolam, and Wintun Glaciers.[3] There are approximately 80 glaciers in California and unlike the glaciers in Alaska, Colorado and Montana.[4] California’s existing current glaciers are not remnants of the Pleistocene, but instead relatively young approximately 1,000 years in age. The Mud Creek Glacier is one of at least 7 recognized glaciers on Mt. Shasta by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) the rest being: Whitney, Hotlum, Bolam, Wintun, Konwakiton, and Watkins.[4]
| Mud Creek Glacier | |
|---|---|
  Mud Creek Glacier Location in California  Mud Creek Glacier Mud Creek Glacier (the United States) | |
| Type | Mountain glacier |
| Location | Mount Shasta, Siskiyou County, California, United States |
| Coordinates | 41°23′16″N 122°11′29″W / 41.38778°N 122.19139°W[1] |
| Terminus | talus |
| Status | retreating |
History
editIn 1871, Clarence King first described the glaciers of Mt. Shasta in a scientific journal he wrote about the Pacific Northwest after summiting Mt. Shasta.[5] In 1936 the USGS was mapping Mt. Shasta disregarding the Mud Creek Glacier along with other smaller glaciers because they were mainly focused on the more prominent glaciers at that time such as the Whitney, Hotlum and Watkins glaciers. There was not a lot of attention given to the smaller glaciers such as Mud Creek Glacier, until 1987. When the USGS was making topographic quads of the Pacific Northwest that it was added to a map of Mt. Shasta and formally recognized as one of Mt. Shasta prominent seven glaciers.
Geologic Features
editGeomorphic features from glaciation can be observed on Mt. Shasta such as: Cirques, Crevasses, Icefall, Lateral and Terminal Moraines. Below the Mud Creek Glacier is Mud Creek Canyon.[6] This geomorphic feature is a hanging valley carved out of Mt. Shasta's southeast flank as the glacier advanced during its formation approximately 1000 years ago.[6][4] Here you can view lateral moraines indicating the glaciers advance down the mountain, as well as, terminal moraines that were created due to the glaciers retreat. At the end of the canyon is approximately a 150 foot cascading waterfall called Mud Creek Falls.[6] Mud Creek Falls is one of three cascading waterfalls over geomorphic hanging valley features on Mt. Shasta. The others are Ash Creek Falls and Konwakiton Falls.[7][6]
Geologic Hazards
editThere are several geological hazards associated with Mud Creek glacier as well as all of Mt. Shasta's glaciers. Because of the loose scree material and rapid melting of the glaciers due to a climatic rise in temperatures of the Pacific Northwest the glaciers are prone to mudflow and landslides.[8] There are records of flood events that were devastating to the local towns as a result of the geologic hazards such as: Weed, McCloud, Dunsmuir, and Shasta.[9] Some of the largest events recorded in history have come from the Mud Creek Glacier.[4] In 2014 part of the Mud Creek Glacier melted causing a massive Mud Flow in Mud Creek moving several thousand tons of rock and debris downstream destroying roads and bridges in its path.[10]
Recreation
editMt. Shasta is also one of California’s most visited mountains for recreation and mountaineering due to it being 14,179 feet above sea level. In order to get to the summit of Mt. Shasta there are several routes mountaineers can take. One of these routes starts at the Crystal Creek trailhead, which leads up Sergeants Ridge where you can observe the Mud Creek Glacier on your trek to the summit crossing over lateral moraines and loose scree composed primarily of Intermediate volcanic igneous rock.
References
edit- ^ a b "Mud Creek Glacier". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved September 30, 2012.
- ^ "Mud Creek Glacier, USGS MOUNT SHASTA (CA) Topo Map". USGS Quad maps. TopoQuest. Retrieved July 5, 2008.
- ^ "Existing Glaciers". College of the Siskiyous. Archived from the original on March 7, 2007. Retrieved January 23, 2007.
- ^ a b c d Bliss, Frances (n.d.). "Glaciers of Mount Shasta" (PDF). Retrieved April 29, 2018.
- ^ Freeman, Linda. "The Glacial History of Mount Shasta: Existing Glaciers". www.bluetang.org. Retrieved April 30, 2018.
- ^ a b c d "Seldom Seen: Mud Creek Canyon". Hike Mt. Shasta. November 1, 2013. Retrieved April 30, 2018.
- ^ "Geologic Field-Trip Guide to Mount Shasta Volcano, Northern California" (PDF).
- ^ James, C.; et al. (1996). "Characteristics of Debris Flows of Noneruptive Origin on Mount Shasta, Northern California" (PDF). USGS. Open-File Report 96-144: 27.
- ^ Morton and Company (1924). "Historic photos of the 1942 Mud Creek Lahar" (PDF). Retrieved April 29, 2018.
- ^ "As Glaciers Melt, Mt. Shasta Could See More Mudslides - GlacierHub". GlacierHub. October 8, 2014. Retrieved April 30, 2018.