Muinane language

Muinane
Muinane
Muìnánɨ
Native to	Colombia
Region	Puerto Santander, Amazonas; between Caquetá River and Yari River in Caquetá Department
Ethnicity	2,100 (2018)
Native speakers	150 (2007)
Language family	?Bora–Witoto Boran Muinane; ;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	bmr
Glottolog	muin1242
ELP	Muinane
	This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Muinane is an indigenous American language spoken in Colombia.

Classification

Muinane belongs to the Boran language family, along with Bora.

Muinane is spoken by 150 people in Colombia along the Upper Cahuinarí river in the Department of Amazonas. There may be some speakers in Peru.

Muinane consonant phonemes
	Bilabial	Alveolar	Postalveolar/ Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m	n	ɲ
Plosive	p b	t d	tʲ dʲ	k ɡ	ʔ
Affricate			tʃ dʒ
Fricative	ɸ β	s	ʃ j	x
Trill		r	rʲ

Voiceless stops and affricates contrast with their geminate counterparts: tː tʃː tʲː kː.

Muinane vowel phonemes
	Front	Central	Back
High	i	ɨ	u
Low	ɛ	a	o

There are two tones in Muinane: high and low.

Word order in Muinane is generally SOV. Case marking is nominative–accusative.

Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items for Muinane.^[2]

Muinane is written using a Latin alphabet. A chart of symbols with the sounds they represent is as follows:

Latin	IPA	Latin	IPA	Latin	IPA	Latin	IPA	Latin	IPA	Latin	IPA
a	/a/	b	/b/	c	/k/-/s/	ch	/tʃ/	d	/d/	e	/e/
f	/ɸ/	g(u)	/ɡ/-/x/	h	/ʔ/	i	/i/	ɨ	/ɨ/	j	/x/
ll	/dʒ/	m	/m/	n	/n/	ñ	/ɲ/	o	/o/	p	/p/
qu	/k/	r	/r/	z	/s/	s	/ʃ/	t	/t/	u	/u/
v	/β/	y	/j/

Palatalized consonants are written using the unpalatalized forms plus y: ty /tʲ/, dy /dʲ/, ry /rʲ/. For the purposes of alphabetization, these are considered sequences of letters.
Tone is not generally indicated in writing. When it is shown, it is indicated by an acute accent over the vowel: á, é, í, ɨ́, ó, ú.
The Muinane writing system is based on Spanish orthography. For that reason, the sound /k/ is written as c before a, ɨ, o, and u and as qu before e and i. Likewise, the sound /ɡ/ is written as gu before e and i, and g elsewhere.

^ ^a ^b Muinane at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
^ Cite error: The named reference Loukotka was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

Aschmann, Richard P. (1993), Proto-Witotoan, Arlington, TX: SIL International, ISBN 0-88312-189-1
Walton, James P.; Walton, Janice W.; Pakky de Buenaventure, Clementina (1997), Diccionario Bilingüe Muinane-Español/Español-Muinane, Santafé de Bogotá: Editorial Buena Semilla, OCLC 468683910

Muinane
Muìnánɨ
Native to	Colombia
Region	Puerto Santander, Amazonas; between Caquetá River and Yari River in Caquetá Department
Ethnicity	2,100 (2018)^[1]
Native speakers	150 (2007)^[1]
Language family	?Bora–Witoto Boran Muinane
Language codes
ISO 639-3	`bmr`
Glottolog	`muin1242`
ELP	Muinane

This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.