The Muhuri is a transnational river between India and Bangladesh. Rising in Tripura, it flows into Bangladesh where it merges with the Feni near the latter's mouth to the Bay of Bengal. The Muhuri is also known as the Little Feni.[1]
| Muhuri River | |
|---|---|
 | |
 | |
| Location | |
| Country | India, Bangladesh |
| State | Tripura |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | Lushai Hills |
| • location | Tripura |
| Discharge | |
| • location | Noakhali |
Course of the river
editThe Muhuri rises in the Lushai Hills of Tripura and flows west into Bangladesh which it enters through the Parshuram upazila of Feni district. In Bangladesh, the river separates the Feni and Chittagong districts before flowing out into the Bay of Bengal.[2]
Indo-Bangladesh border
editThe Muhuri acts as part of the border between India and Bangladesh in the Tripura-Noakhali sector. However, the frequently changing course of the river prevented the two nations from demarcating the boundary here with India insisting on the 1974 Accord with Bangladesh that calls for demarcation "along the mid-stream of the course of Muhuri river at the time of demarcation" while Bangladesh insisted on an 1893 map that would result in it gaining an extra 44 acres.[3]
The Muhurichar
editMuhurichar river island, a 140-acre island on the river and important for rice cultivation, was a source of tension between the two countries as both laid claim to it and it resulted in skirmishes between the border security agencies of Bangladesh and India on several occasions.[4][5] In 2011 during the visit of Prime Minister Manmohan Singh to Bangladesh, both countries agreed to the demarcation of the land boundary between them. The two parties agreed on the demarcation of the boundary along the Muhuri and also agreed to construct embankments along the river within their borders to stabilize it and to undertake fencing along the 'zero line' in the sector.[6][7]
Hydrology
editThe Muhuri has a total basin area of 839 km2 in Tripura which accounts for 8% of the state's total geographical area. It has an annual flow of 76,247,000 cubic meters of water which amounts to 9.6% of Tripura's total river flows.[8] In Bangladesh, the Muhuri basin covers an area of 40,080 hectares spread across the upazilas of Feni Sadar, Sonagazi, Chhagalnaiya and Parshuram in Feni district and the Mirersarai Upazila of Chittagong district with a total irrigable area of a little over 23,000 hectares.[9] The river is known for its wild nature and flash floods and its frequent changes in course. For the most part, the Muhuri has a width of 150 to 200 meters which increases as it nears the sea. As it nears the sea, it comes under the increasing influence of tidal action. The river is quite shallow and navigable by 4-tonne boats for only half the year and it is possible to ford it during the lean season.[1][10]
Waterworks
editThe Government of India built an impermeable spur on the river before 1975 to protect the town of Belonia from riverine erosion. The Joint River Commission has since restrained either country from constructing them on the river.[2] The Muhuri Irrigation Project, consisting of a closure dam and a 20-vent regulator, was completed by Bangladesh in 1986 to provide irrigation facilities and to check the inflow of saline water into the river from the Bay of Bengal. The Muhuri empties into the Feni at the reservoir formed by the building of the closure dam from where water is taken out through irrigation canals.[11] The project has helped develop inland fisheries, the curbed incursion of saline water upriver and kept upstream areas safe from storm surges following cyclones.[9]
See also
edit
References
edit- ^ a b "Bangladesh – Rivers". LOICZ South Asia Node. Archived from the original on 4 April 2013. Retrieved 6 April 2013.
- ^ a b Chowdhury, Masud Hasan (2012). "Muhuri River". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
- ^ "The dividing line". Frontline. 18 (10). 12–25 May 2001. Retrieved 6 April 2013.
- ^ Batra, Amita (2013). Regional Economic Integration in South Asia: Trapped in Conflict?. Oxford: Routledge. p. 77. ISBN 9780415602099.
- ^ "Border commanders declare truce". BBC News. 25 August 1999. Retrieved 9 April 2013.
- ^ "PROTOCOL TO THE AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDIA AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE's REPUBLIC OF BANGLADESH CONCERNING THE DEMARCATION OF THE LAND BOUNDARY BETWEEN INDIA AND BANGLADESH AND RELATED MATTERS" (PDF). Retrieved 6 April 2013.
- ^ "BJP demands white paper on pact with Bangladesh". The Assam Tribune. 20 September 2011. Retrieved 9 April 2013.
- ^ "State of Environment Report of Tripura for the year of 2002". Retrieved 6 April 2013.
- ^ a b "Management of Closed off Tidal River: Case Study in Muhuri River of Bangladesh". 27 November 2011. Archived from the original on 2 July 2013. Retrieved 9 April 2013.
- ^ Kapoor, Subodh (2002). The Indian Encyclopaedia: Volume 1. New Delhi: Cosmo Publications. p. 7110. ISBN 9788177552577.
- ^ Reeves, Randall R (2000). Biology and Conservation of Freshwater Cetaceans in Asia. Gland: IUCN. p. 62. ISBN 9782831705132.