Wikipedia

Mukhtar Ashrafi

Mukhtar Ashrafovich Ashrafi[a] (11 June [O.S. 29 May] 1912 – 15 December 1975) was a Soviet Uzbek composer. He was awarded the title People's Artist of the USSR in 1951.[1] He became a member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1941 was awarded the Stalin Prize in 1943 and 1952.[2] He is known as the author of the first Uzbek opera “Buran” (together with Sergei Vasilenko) and the first Uzbek symphony.[2]

Mukhtar Ashrafi
Muxtor Ashrafiy
Born(1912-05-29)29 May 1912
Bukhara, Russian Empire (now Uzbekistan)
Died15 December 1975(1975-12-15) (aged 63)
Tashkent, Uzbek SSR, Soviet Union
OccupationComposer

His daughter Muqadamma was a noted medievalist.[3]

Early life and education

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Mukhtar Ashrafi was born on 29 May (11 June) 1912 in Bukhara.[4] He grew up in the family of his father, a famous Bukhara singer and musician Ashrafzhan Hafiza.[5] At the age of seven, Ashrafi began to play Uzbek folk instruments improvising on the dutar.[2] In 1924, he entered Oriental Music School in Bukhara.[6] In 1928, Ashrafi graduated a dutar class in Bukhara and entered the Samarkand Institute of Music and Choreography.[2]

From 1934 to 1936, he studied in a composition class of Sergei Vasilenko at the Moscow Conservatory.[4] In 1934, Ashrafi wrote Komsomol and pioneer songs, and in 1935-1936, he wrote lyrical songs on the words of Ruzuli, working on his first opera at the same time.[5]

Together with his teacher, Sergei Vasilenko, Ashrafi wrote the first Uzbek opera “Buran” that was staged in 1939, starting the history of Uzbek Opera and Ballet Theater.[5]

In 1941-1944, Ashrafi studied composition at the Leningrad Conservatory.[7] In 1948, he graduated from the conducting faculty of the Leningrad Conservatory as an external student.[4]

Career

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In 1942, Ashrafi created the first Uzbek heroic symphony.[8] From 1943 to 1947, Ashrafi was a director of Alisher Navoi Uzbek Opera and Ballet Theater.[6] Since 1944 Ashrafi was a teacher, and since 1953 - a professor at the Tashkent Conservatory.[4]

In 1964-66 he was a director, artistic director and chief conductor of the Samarkand Opera and Ballet Theater, and since 1966 - a director, artistic director and chief conductor of the State Academic Bolshoi Theater of the Uzbek SSR in Tashkent.[7]

From 1971 to 1975, Ashrafi was rector of the Tashkent Conservatory.[2]

Ashrafi is the author of the books "Indian Diaries" (in Russian and Uzbek), "Music in my life", numerous articles in magazines and periodicals.[6]

He died on 15 December 1975 in Tashkent.[9]

Awards and honours

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In 1976, Tashkent Conservatory was named after him.[7] On the occasion of the 70th birthday of Ashrafi, on 11 June 1982, a museum was opened in the house where he lived and worked from 1967 to 1975.[8] In 2019, a memorial evening of Ashrafi was held in the assembly hall of the Union of Composers and Bastakors of Uzbekistan.[21]

Selected works

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Operas
  • Buran (1939, with S. Vasilenko)[4]
  • Grand Canal (1941, with S. Vasilenko)
  • Dilaram (1958)
  • Heart of a Poet (1962)
Ballets
  • Love Amulet (1969)
  • Timur Malik (1970)
  • Stoikost' (1971)
  • Love and Dream (1973)
Orchestral works
  • Symphony No. 1 "Heroic" (1942; awarded Stalin Prize)
  • Symphony No. 2 "Glory to the Victors" (1944)
  • Kantatu o Schast'ye (1952; awarded Stalin Prize)
  • Oratorio Skazanie o Rustame (1974)
  • Music for theater, films, etc.

Controversy

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Ashrafi was accused of plagiarism in 1959, and Dmitri Shostakovich concluded that the allegations were true.[22][23][24]

Notes

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  1. ^
    • Uzbek: Muxtor Ashrafovich Ashrafiy
    • Russian: Мухтар Ашрафович Ашрафи, romanized: Mukhtar Ashrafovich Ashrafi

References

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  1. ^ Sultanova, Razia (2001). "Ashrafi, Muhtar". Grove Music Online (8th ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.45041. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0.
  2. ^ a b c d e "АШРАФИ МУХТАР АШРАФОВИЧ ( Композитор, дирижер)". tashkentpamyat.ru. Retrieved 2021-01-15.
  3. ^ Kamoludin Abdullaev; Shahram Akbarzaheh (27 April 2010). Historical Dictionary of Tajikistan. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-7379-7.
  4. ^ a b c d e "Мухтар Ашрафи". Кино-Театр.РУ. Retrieved 2021-01-15.
  5. ^ a b c "Мухтар Ашрафи и узбекская народная музыка". mus.academy. Retrieved 2021-01-15.
  6. ^ a b c "Союз композиторов и бастакоров Узбекистана - АШРАФИ МУХТАР". www.commus.uz. Retrieved 2021-01-15.
  7. ^ a b c "Мухтар Ашрафович Ашрафи (Mukhtar Ashrafi) | Belcanto.ru". www.belcanto.ru. Retrieved 2021-01-16.
  8. ^ a b "Неизвестный Ташкент: Мухтар Ашрафи и музыка на просторах музея". vot.uz. Retrieved 2021-01-16.
  9. ^ "Ўзбекистон Компартияси Марказий Комитети, Ўзбекистон ССР Олий Совети Президиуми, Ўзбекистон ССР Министрлар Советидан". Sovet Oʻzbekistoni (in Uzbek). 16 December 1975. p. 1.
  10. ^ "Указ Президиум Верховного Совета СССР О присвоении почетных званий артистам Узбекской ССР". Sovetskoe iskusstvo (in Russian). 8 December 1951. p. 1.
  11. ^ "Ашрафий Мухтор Ашрафович" [Ashrafiy Muxtor Ashrafovich] (PDF). Oʻzbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi (in Uzbek). Vol. 1. Tashkent: Oʻzbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi. 2000.
  12. ^ "А) Музыки". Literatura i iskusstvo (in Russian). 21 March 1943. p. 1.
  13. ^ "Ж. Музыки". Pravda Vostoka (in Russian). 18 March 1952. p. 2.
  14. ^ "Адабиёт, санъат ва архитектура соҳасида Ҳамза номли Ўзбекистон ССР давлат мукофотларини бериш тўғрисида" [On awarding the state awards of the Uzbekistan SSR named after Hamza in the fields of literature, art and architecture]. Sovet Oʻzbekistoni (in Uzbek). No. 90. 17 April 1970. p. 1.
  15. ^ "Указ Президиума Верховного Совета СССР О награждении орденами и медалями работников литературы и искусства Узбекской ССР" (PDF). Sovetskoe iskusstvo (in Russian). No. 98. 8 December 1951. p. 1.
  16. ^ "Указ Президиума Верховного Совета СССР О награждении компоситора Ашрафи М.А. орденом Ленина". Pravda Vostoka (in Russian). 14 June 1972. p. 1.
  17. ^ "Награждение строителей Большого Ферганского канала имени тов. И. В. Сталина". Pravda (in Russian). 24 December 1939. p. 1.
  18. ^ "Указ Президиума Верховного Совета СССР О награждении орденами и медалями СССР работников искусства и литературы Узбекской ССР". Pravda Vostoka (in Russian). 19 March 1959. p. 1.
  19. ^ "О награждении работников Узбекского музыкального театра и Узбекской филармонии — участников декады Узбекского искусства в Москве". Pravda (in Russian). 1 June 1937. p. 1.
  20. ^ "Указ Президиума Верховного Совета СССР О награждении орденами и медалями колхозников, колхозниц, работников сельского хозяйства, промышленности, науки, културы и искусства Узбекской ССР" (PDF). Vedomosti of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR (in Russian). No. 3. 26 January 1944. p. 2.
  21. ^ Насыбуллина, Гузель (2019-06-14). "Вечер памяти Мухтара Ашрафи состоялся в Ташкенте | Всемирный конгресс татар" (in Russian). Retrieved 2021-01-16.
  22. ^ Ho, Allan Benedict; Feofanov, Dmitry (1998). Shostakovich Reconsidered. Toccata Press. p. 268.
  23. ^ "Testimony: The Memoirs of Dmitri Shostakovich". Rowman & Littlefield. 2004. p. 199.
  24. ^ Hakobian, Levon (2016). Music of the Soviet Era: 1917-1991. Routledge. p. 122.

Further reading

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  • Rakhmanov, M. (9 June 1972). "Мелодии новой жизни". Pravda Vostoka (in Russian). p. 4.
  • Tatybayeva, A. (9 June 1992). "Маэстро Ашрафи". Vecherny Tashkent (in Russian). p. 2.
  • Jumayev, T. (9 June 1972). "Ижодкорнинг йўли". Sovet Oʻzbekistoni (in Uzbek). p. 4.
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