Tell Mulabbis (Arabic: ملبس, Hebrew: אומלבס, מולבס) is an archaeological mound in modern Petah Tikva, Israel.
ملبس, אומלבס, מולבס | |
| Alternative name | Khirbat Mulabbes, Bulbus |
|---|---|
| Location | Petah Tikva, Israel |
| Region | Yarkon River basin |
| Type | Archaeological mound |
| History | |
| Periods | Roman, Byzantine, Early Islamic, Crusader, Mamluk, Late Ottoman |
Mulabbis is a key site in the Yarkon River basin, with habitation remains from the Roman, Byzantine, Early Islamic, Crusader, Mamluk and Late Ottoman periods.[1]
Crusader and Mamluk periods
editKhirbat Mulabbes was home to the Crusader village of Bulbus, an identification proposed in the nineteenth century by French scholar fr. A Crusader source from 1133 CE states that the Count of Jaffa granted the land to the Hospitaller order, including “the mills of the three bridges” (“des moulins des trios ponts”).[2][3][4][5]
In 1478 CE (AH 883), the Mamluk Sultan of Egypt, Qaitbay, endowed a quarter of the revenues of Mulabbes to two newly established institutions: Madrasa Al-Ashrafiyya in Jerusalem, and a mosque in Gaza.[1][6]
Ottoman period
editDavid Grossman suggest that Mulabbes was "Milus", a village with 42 Muslim households, mentioned in the Ottoman tax records in 1596.[7]
"Melebbes" appears on Jacotin's map drawn up during Napoleon's invasion in 1799,[8] and shows up as "el Mulebbis" on Kiepert's map of Palestine, published in 1856.[9]
Following the invasion of the Levant by Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt (1831-1841), the village was repopulated by Egyptian emigrants belonging to the Abu Hamed al-Masri clan as part of a wider wave of migration that settled in Palestine's coastal lowlands.[10]
In 1870, Victor Guérin noted that "Melebbes" was a small village with 140 inhabitants, surrounded by fields of watermelon and tobacco.[11] An Ottoman village list from about the same year showed that "Mulebbes" had 43 houses and a population of 125, though the population count included men only. It was also noted that the village was located on a hill, "Auf einer Anhöhe", 2.75 hours northeast of Jaffa.[12][13]
The Palestine Exploration Fund's Survey of Western Palestine visited "Mulebbis" in 1874 and described it as "a similar mud village [as Al-Mirr], with a well."[14] Following the sale of Mulabbes' lands to Jewish entrepreneurs, its residents dispersed in neighboring villages like Jaljulia and Fajja.[10]
In 1878, Jewish colonist purchased the land of Mulabbes, establishing the first Jewish moshava, Petah Tikvah.[citation needed]
References
edit- ^ a b Marom, Roy (April 3, 2019). "A short history of Mulabbis (Petah Tikva, Israel)". Palestine Exploration Quarterly. 151 (2): 134–145. doi:10.1080/00310328.2019.1621734. S2CID 197799335. Archived from the original on May 29, 2021. Retrieved November 30, 2020 – via Taylor and Francis+NEJM.
- ^ Röhricht, 1893, RRH, p. 37, No. 147
- ^ Delaville Le Roulx, 1894, pp. 86−87, No. 97
- ^ Clermont-Ganneau, 1895, pp. 192−196: "Les Trois−Ponts, Jorgilia"
- ^ Haddad, 2013, Petah Tikva, Kh. Mulabbis Archived 2020-07-17 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Marom, Roy (2021-06-09). "The Abu Hameds of Mulabbis: an oral history of a Palestinian village depopulated in the Late Ottoman period". British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies. 50: 87–106. doi:10.1080/13530194.2021.1934817. ISSN 1353-0194. S2CID 236222143.
- ^ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 154. Suggested by David Grossman, 1986, p. 372, cited in Marom, 2019 Archived 2020-01-22 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Karmon, 1960, p. 170 Archived 2019-12-22 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Kiepert, 1856, Map of Southern Palestine Archived 2021-03-08 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b Marom, The village of Mulabbis Archived 2021-05-29 at the Wayback Machine, Cathedra 176, 2020, pp. 48-64.
- ^ Guérin, 1875, p. 372
- ^ Socin, 1879, p. 158
- ^ Hartmann, 1883, p. 136, also noted 43 houses at "Mulebbes".
- ^ Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 252
Bibliography
edit- ‘Azab, Anan (2008-10-05). "Petah Tiqwa". Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel (120). Archived from the original on 2020-07-15. Retrieved 2019-08-31.
- Palmer, E.H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund. (p. 216)
- Clermont-Ganneau, C.S. (1895). Études d'archéologie orientale (in French). Paris: E. Bouillon.
- Conder, C.R.; Kitchener, H.H. (1882). The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology. Vol. 2. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
- Dagan, Yehuda; Golan, Dor (2009-08-23). "Petah Tiqwa–Rishon Le-Ziyyon, Survey". Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel (121). Archived from the original on 2020-07-15. Retrieved 2019-08-31.
- Dayan, Ayelet (2011-08-03). "Petah Tiqwa, Mahane Yehuda". Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel (123). Archived from the original on 2020-07-17. Retrieved 2019-08-31.
- Delaville Le Roulx, J. [in French] (1894). Cartulaire général de l'Ordre des Hospitaliers (in Latin). Vol. 1. Paris.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Gorzalczany, Amir (2005-11-28). "Petah Tiqwa, Mahane Yehuda". Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel (117). Archived from the original on 2020-07-15. Retrieved 2019-08-31.
- Guérin, V. (1875). Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine (in French). Vol. 2: Samarie, pt. 2. Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale.
- Haddad, Elie (2013-08-20). "Petah Tiqwa, Kh. Mulabbis". Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel (125). Archived from the original on 2017-12-01. Retrieved 2017-06-27.
- Hartmann, M. (1883). "Die Ortschaftenliste des Liwa Jerusalem in dem türkischen Staatskalender für Syrien auf das Jahr 1288 der Flucht (1871)". Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins. 6: 102–149.
- Hütteroth, Wolf-Dieter; Abdulfattah, Kamal (1977). Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century. Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft. ISBN 978-3-920405-41-4. Archived from the original on 2019-10-14. Retrieved 2018-12-10.
- Karmon, Y. (1960). "An Analysis of Jacotin's Map of Palestine" (PDF). Israel Exploration Journal. 10 (3, 4): 155–173, 244–253. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-12-22. Retrieved 2019-08-25.
- Masarwa, Durar (2012-08-26). "Petah Tiqwa (Mulabbis)". Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel (124). Archived from the original on 2020-07-17. Retrieved 2019-08-25.
- Masarwa, Durar (2011-12-15). "Petah Tiqwa (Mulabbis)". Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel (123). Archived from the original on 2020-07-17. Retrieved 2019-08-25.
- Röhricht, R. (1893). (RRH) Regesta regni Hierosolymitani (MXCVII-MCCXCI) (in Latin). Berlin: Libraria Academica Wageriana.
- Socin, A. (1879). "Alphabetisches Verzeichniss von Ortschaften des Paschalik Jerusalem". Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins. 2: 135–163.
- Toueg, Ron (2013-08-08). "Petah Tiqwa, Mahane Yehuda". Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel (125). Archived from the original on 2020-07-17. Retrieved 2019-08-31.
External links
edit- Survey of Western Palestine, Map 13: IAA, Wikimedia commons
