Muraoka (written: 村岡 lit. "village hill") is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:
- Alan Muraoka (born 1962), Japanese-American actor and theatre director
- Hiroto Muraoka (村岡 博人, 1931–2017), Japanese footballer
- Lenore Muraoka (born 1955), American golfer
- Mie Muraoka (村岡 美枝, born 1913), Japanese sprinter
- Minoru Muraoka (村岡 福夫, 1924–2014), Japanese shakuhachi player
- Takamitsu Muraoka (村岡 崇光, born 1938), Japanese Hebraist
- Takuya Muraoka (村岡 拓哉, born 1990), Japanese footballer
- Tsugumasa Muraoka (村岡 嗣政, born 1972), Japanese politician