Murder in Colorado law constitutes the unlawful killing, under circumstances defined by law, of people within or under the jurisdiction of the U.S. state of Colorado.
The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that in the year 2020, the state had a murder rate somewhat below the median for the entire country.[1]
Definitions
editFirst-degree murder
editThere are several types of first-degree murder in Colorado, those being:
- Intentionally killing another person with premeditation
- Committing perjury leading to an innocent person's execution
- Causing the death of another person caused by the perpetrator's extreme indifference to the value of human life
- Distributing a drug to a minor on school grounds causing the minor's death
- Knowingly causing the death of a child under the age of 12 when the perpetrator was in a position of trust over the child[2]
First-degree murder in Colorado is punished only by life imprisonment without the possibility of parole. However, the death penalty is possible for intentional first-degree murder if the crime was committed before July 1, 2020, but the death penalty in Colorado has been abolished for all crimes after that date. Following Colorado abolishing the death penalty for all crimes after that date, Governor Jared Polis commuted all of Colorado's remaining death row prisoners' sentences to life-without-parole.[3]
Second-degree murder
editSecond-degree murder is defined as intentionally causing the death of another person without premeditation, and that the killing was not in the heat-of-passion, or causing the death of another person during the commission or attempted commission of a felony under Colorado's felony murder rule. It is punishable by 16 to 48 years in prison.[2]
Felony murder rule
editIn Colorado, the common law felony murder rule has been codified in Colorado Revised Statutes § 18-3-103. As of September 15, 2021, the statute classifies a homicide as second degree murder when committed during one of these predicate felonies:[4][5]
- Committing or attempting to commit arson, robbery, burglary, kidnapping, sexual assault, or a class 3 felony sexual assault on a child
- Or if in the course of one of these crimes or the immediate escape from it, anyone causes the death of a person other than one of the participants
For the reason above, Colorado's felony murder rule is unique compared to some other states' felony murder rules, in that it does not allow a person to be charged with felony murder if the person that died during the felony was a co-conspirator to the felony.
Heat-of-passion second-degree murder
editHeat-of-passion second-degree murder is defined as a mitigated version of intentional second-degree murder, in which the perpetrator intentionally caused the death of another person in the sudden heat-of-passion, commonly known in other jurisdictions as voluntary manslaughter. It is punishable by 4 to 12 years in prison.[2]
Penalties
edit| Offense | Mandatory sentencing |
|---|---|
| Criminally negligent homicide | Probation, or 1 to 3 years in prison |
| Manslaughter | 2 to 6 years in prison |
| Second-degree vehicular homicide | |
| First-degree vehicular homicide | 4 to 12 years in prison |
| Heat-of-passion second-degree murder | |
| Second-degree murder | 16 to 48 years in prison |
| First-degree murder |
|
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "National Center for Health Statistics: Homicide Mortality by State". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. February 16, 2021. Retrieved September 24, 2021.
- ^ a b c "CHAPTER 3-1 HOMICIDE AND RELATED OFFENSES" (PDF).
- ^ "Colorado Abolishes the Death Penalty, Governor Commutes Sentences of Death Row Prisoners".
- ^ McCarthy, K.E. Felony Murder. Connecticut General Assembly Office of Legislative Research. 13 February 2008.
- ^ Weissman, Mike; Lee, Pete, Changes To Felony Murder, retrieved October 18, 2021
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