Muromian is an extinct Uralic[1] language formerly spoken by the Muromian tribe, in what is today the Murom region in Russia.[2] They are mentioned by Jordanes as Mordens and in the Primary Chronicle. Very little is known about the language, but it was probably closely related to the Mordvinic languages Moksha and Erzya.[3] Muromian probably became extinct in the Middle Ages around the 10th century,[3][4] as the Muromians were assimilated by the Slavs.[5] The Muromian language[6] is unattested, but is assumed to have been Uralic, and has frequently been placed in the Volga-Finnic category.[7][8][9]
| Muromian | |
|---|---|
| Muromanian | |
| Native to | Russia |
| Region | Murom region |
| Ethnicity | Muromians |
| Extinct | 10th century |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | None (mis) |
0te | |
 An approximate map of the non-Varangian cultures in European Russia, in the 9th century. The Muromian area is shown in green. | |
Toponymy
editA. K. Matveyev identified the toponymic area upon Lower Oka and Lower Klyazma, which corresponds with Muroma. According to the toponymy, the Muroma language was close to the Merya language.[10] A few words have been reconstructed in the Muroma language, based on toponyms, such as: *juga 'river', *vi̮ksa ‘river connecting two bodies of water', and *voht(V) ‘neck of land between two bodies of water’.[11]
References
edit- ^ Wieczynski, Joseph (1976). The Modern Encyclopedia of Russian and Soviet History. Academic International Press. ISBN 9780875690643.
- ^ Taagepera, Rein (1999). The Finno-Ugric Republics and the Russian State. Routledge. p. 51. ISBN 9780415919777.
- ^ a b Janse, Mark; Tol, Sijmen; Hendriks, Vincent (2000). Language Death and Language Maintenance. John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. A108. ISBN 9789027247520.
- ^ Blokland, Rogier (2003). The Endangered Uralic Languages. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 108. ISBN 9027247528.
- ^ Uibopuu, Valev; Lagman, Herbert (1988). Finnougrierna och deras språk (in Swedish). Studentlitteratur. ISBN 9789144254111.
- ^ "Muromanian". MultiTree. 2009-06-22. Archived from the original on July 12, 2012. Retrieved 2012-07-13.
- ^ Janse, Mark; Sijmen Tol; Vincent Hendriks (2000). Language Death and Language Maintenance. John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. A108. ISBN 978-90-272-4752-0.
- ^ Wieczynski, Joseph (1976). The Modern Encyclopedia of Russian and Soviet History. Academic International Press. ISBN 978-0-87569-064-3.
- ^ Taagepera, Rein (1999). The Finno-Ugric Republics and the Russian State. Routledge. p. 51. ISBN 978-0-415-91977-7.
- ^ Матвеев А. К. Мерянская проблема и лингвистическое картографирование // Вопросы языкознания. 2001. № 5.
- ^ Pauli Rahkonen. South-Eastern contact area of Finnic languages in the light of onomastics: dissertation, Faculty of Arts, University of Helsinki. 2018
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