Musket Model 1777

Musket Modèle 1777
Musket Modèle 1777
Type	Musket
Place of origin	France
Service history
In service	French Army 1777–1840
Used by	France, various native American tribes, United States of America, Haiti, Kingdom of Ireland, First French Empire, Confederation of the Rhine, First Hellenic Republic, Confederate States of America, Pirates, Privateers, Metis, Hunters, Voyageurs, Canada, Greece,
Wars	American War of Independence, Haitian Revolution, French Revolutionary Wars, Coalition Wars, United Irishmen Rebellion, Napoleonic Wars, Emmet's Insurrection, Siege of Santo Domingo of 1805, War of 1812, Greek War of Independence, Franco-Trarzan War of 1825, French conquest of Algeria, First Franco-Mexican War, Franco-Moroccan War, French–Tahitian War, American Civil War
Production history
Designed	1777
Manufacturer	Charleville armoury and others
Produced	1777–1839 (all variants)
No. built	7,000,000
Variants	Modèle 1777 corrigé en l'an IX
Specifications
Mass	4.75 kilograms (10.5 lb)
Length	1.52 metres (60 in)
Barrel length	113.7 centimetres (44.8 in)
Cartridge	16.54 mm, 27.19 g lead ball; 12.24 black-powder propellant
Caliber	17.5mm (.69 inch) musket ball
Action	Flintlock/percussion lock (conversion)
Rate of fire	User dependent; usually 2 to 3 rounds a minute
Muzzle velocity	Variable 420 m/s (1,400 ft/s)
Effective firing range	Variable (50–100 yards)
Feed system	Muzzle-loaded
Sights	A front sight cast into the upper barrel band

The musket Modèle 1777, and later Modèle 1777 corrigé en l'an IX (Model 1777 corrected in the year IX, or 1800 in the French Revolutionary Calendar) was one of the most widespread weapons on the European continent.

It was part of a weapon family with numerous variants, e.g. for the light infantry, artillery and a musketoon for the cavalry.

Modèle 1777 corrigé en l' an IX

After the French Revolutionary Wars, first consul Napoleon Bonaparte commissioned a rework; some minor modifications on the lock, bayonet and stock resulted in 1800 in the "corrected" model, also called "Modèle 1777 corrigé".

Other improvements

The Musket was further improved in 1816 and 1822. Many were converted from flintlock to percussion cap in the mid-19th century.

Impact

7 million muskets were produced, including variants 1800 (an IX), 1816 and 1822, but not including muskets like the Austrian 1798 or the Prussian 1809, which were heavily influenced by the French 1777. Until World War I, no other firearm was produced in such large numbers.

Properly trained French infantry were expected to be able to fire three volleys a minute with the 1777. A trained infantryman could hit a man sized target at 80 yards but anything further required an increasing amount of luck^[2] and the musket became wildly inaccurate at long range. Compared to the British Brown Bess, it fired musket balls that fitted more tightly into the barrel resulting in a better accuracy but a lower rate of fire and more fouling issues.

The Grande Armée marched into the German countries and left approx. 750,000 muskets retreating in 1815; until about 1840, French weapons were used in Germany.

Details of the musket

Musket Modèle 1777 made during the Revolution
The flintlock mechanism
The muzzle

Literature

Götz, Hans-Dieter (1996). Militärgewehre und Pistolen der deutschen Staaten 1800–1870 (in German) (2nd ed.). Stuttgart: Motorbuch-Verlag. ISBN 3-87943-533-2.

References

^ See: "Napoléon Ier: le magazine du Consulat et de l'Empire" (November 2005) (in French) (35): p.15.
^ Moore, Richard (2006). "Weapons of War: Infantry". Napoleonic Guide. Retrieved 7 August 2024.

External links

Preceded by Charleville musket	French Army rifle 1777–1826	Succeeded by Delvigne rifle 1826

[1] See: "Napoléon Ier: le magazine du Consulat et de l'Empire" (November 2005) (in French) (35): p.15.

[Moore-2] Moore, Richard (2006). "Weapons of War: Infantry". Napoleonic Guide. Retrieved 7 August 2024.

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