Mustafa Yamulki (25 January 1866 – 25 May 1936), also known as "Nemrud" Mustafa Pasha, was a Kurdish military officer, chairman of the Ottoman military court, minister for education in the Kingdom of Kurdistan and a journalist. Mustafa was born in the city of Sulaimaniyah which was then in the Mosul Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire.
Mustafa Yamulki | |
|---|---|
 Mustafa Yamulki | |
| Nickname(s) | Nimrod Mustafa Pasha |
| Born | January 25, 1866 Sulaimaniyah, Mosul Vilayet, Ottoman Empire |
| Died | May 25, 1936 (aged 70) Sulaimaniyah, Iraq |
| Allegiance | Ottoman Empire, Kingdom of Kurdistan |
| Rank | Major general |
| Unit | Third Army |
| Battles / wars | Italo-Turkish War, Balkan Wars |
Early life
editMustafa was born into an old landowning Kurdish family from Sulaymaniyah. Mustafa attended the Ottoman Military Academy at Constantinople (present-day Istanbul). He was from the powerful Bilbaz Kurdish tribe.
Political career
editAfter the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in the World War I, he was appointed the head of the Turkish courts-martial on the 18 April 1920.[1] As chairman of the Court, which was also called the "war tribunal of Nemrut Mustafa",[2][page needed] he condemned Mustafa Kemal to death in absentia along with other of his associates.[3] The warrant was also signed by Ali Kemal, Damad Ferid and the Sultan. Mustafa also sentenced Ebubekir Hazim (Tepeyran), the Minister of the Interior for aiding the Turkish nationalists. He was dismissed from this office in June.[4][page needed]
Mustafa stated,
Our compatriots have committed untold crimes by resorting to every conceivable form of despotism, organized deportation and massacre, burned feeding mothers doused with petrol alive, raped women and girls…. They have subjected the Armenians to intolerable conditions, such as no other people had ever experienced throughout history.[5]
Later, Mustafa was arrested and sentenced to 7 months in prison. However, he was pardoned by Sultan Mehmed VI in February 1921.[3] In June 1921 he left Turkey for Syria and went on to live in his hometown of Sulaymaniyah, Iraq.[3]
His brother-in-law Izzet Bey was the former governor of the Van Vilayet and Minister of the Pious foundations under Tavfiq Pashas cabinet.
Mustafa's son was Abdul Aziz Yamulki, the chief plotter of coup d'état against the Bakir Sidqi government.[6][page needed]
Posts Held
editReferences
edit- ^ Kévorkian, Raymond (2011-03-30). The Armenian Genocide: A Complete History. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 797. ISBN 978-0-85771-930-0.
- ^ Hans-Lukas Kieser, Dominik J. Schaller, Der Völkermord an den Armeniern und die Shoah (The Armenian genocide and the Shoah),
- ^ a b c Özoğlu, Hakan (2011). From Caliphate to Secular State: Power Struggle in the Early Turkish Republic. ABC-CLIO. p. 56. ISBN 978-0-313-37956-7.
- ^ Touraj Atabaki, Erik Jan Zürcher, Men of Order: Authoritarian Modernization under Atatürk and Reza Shah,
- ^ Derogy, Jacques (1990). Resistance and Revenge: Armenian Assassination of Turkish Leaders Responsible for the 1915 Massacres and Deportations. Routledge. p. 57. ISBN 978-1-351-49327-7.
- ^ Eliezer Beeri, Army officers in Arab politics and society,
- ^ Review of Armenian studies, Volume 5, Issues 13-16, ASAM Institute for Armenian Research, 2007
- ^ Rostami, Mari R. (2019). Kurdish Nationalism on Stage Performance, Politics and Resistance in Iraq. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 31. ISBN 9781788318693.