The mustard oil bomb, formerly known as the glucosinolate–myrosinase complex, is a chemical herbivory defense system found in members of the Brassicaceae (or cabbage family). The mustard oil bomb requires the activation of a common plant secondary metabolite, glucosinolate, by an enzyme, myrosinase. The defense complex is typical among plant defenses to herbivory in that the two molecules are stored in different compartments in the leaves of plants until the leaf is torn by an herbivore.[1] The glucosinolate has a β-glucose and a sulfated oxime.[2] The myrosinase removes the β-glucose to form mustard oils that are toxic to herbivores. The defense system was named a "bomb" by Matile,[3] because it like a real bomb is waiting to detonate upon disturbance of the plant tissue.
Countermeasures
editThere are many examples of biochemical adaptations to the mustard oil bomb. One occurs in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. This worldwide crop pest feeds exclusively on members of the Brassicaceae and has developed a defense against the glucosinolate-myrosinase complex.[4] The moth has an enzyme, a sulfatase, that it uses to desulfate the glucosinolate, meaning the myrosinase cannot locate and remove the β-glucose to form the mustard oils. Plant hosts contain a variety of glucosinolates; while all of them have the β-glucose and sulfated oxime. The diamondback moth, however, can apparently desulfate a wide range of natural glucosinolates - perhaps all.[4]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Tong-Xian Liu, Le Kang, ed. (2011). Recent Advances in Entomological Research: From Molecular Biology to Pest Management. Springer. p. 38. ISBN 9783642178153.
- ^ Kliebenstein, Dan J; Juergen Kroymann; Thomas Mitchell-Olds (2005). "The glucosinolate–myrosinase system in an ecological and evolutionary context". Current Opinion in Plant Biology. 8 (3): 264–271. doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2005.03.002. PMID 15860423.
- ^ Matile, Philippe H (1980). "The mustard oil bomb: compartmentation of the myrosinase system". Biochemie und Physiologie der Pflanzen. 175.8-9: 722–731. doi:10.1016/S0015-3796(80)80059-X.
- ^ a b Ratzka, Andreas; Heiko Vogel; Daniel J. Kliebenstein; Thomas Mitchell-Olds; Juergen Kroymann (August 20, 2002). "Disarming the mustard oil bomb". PNAS. 99 (17): 11223–11228. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9911223R. doi:10.1073/pnas.172112899. PMC 123237. PMID 12161563.