Mycoplasma hyorhinis

Mycoplasma hyorhinis
Scientific classification
Domain:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Mycoplasmatota
Class:	Mollicutes
Order:	Mycoplasmatales
Family:	Mycoplasmataceae
Genus:	Mycoplasma
Species:	M. hyorhinis
Binomial name
	Mycoplasma hyorhinis; Switzer 1955 (Approved Lists 1980)

Mycoplasma hyorhinis is a species of bacteria in the Mycoplasmataceae family. It is often found as a commensal in the respiratory tract of pigs, and rarely in the skin of humans. M. hyorhinis is thought to facilitate and exacerbate the development of diseases such as porcine enzootic pneumonia and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS). Rarely, it may cause mycoplasma arthritis, mycoplasmal polyserositis or mycoplasma septicaemia in piglets without the involvement of other bacteria. This presents as polyarthritis or polyserositis.

M. hyorhinis can prevent cell death caused by nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase inhibitors.^[1]

Clinical signs and diagnosis

A variety of clinical signs are seen in piglets less than 10-weeks old.

Lameness, polyserositis and joint swelling are the most common symptoms. A foul-smelling discharge from the ears can occur secondary to otitis. Less specific signs include poor coat quality, pyrexia, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, neurological and respiratory signs.

Bacterial culture, immunofluorescent antibody testing (IFAT), complement fixation test and haemagglutination can all be used to confirm the diagnosis.

Human pathogenicity

There is some evidence implicating M. hyorhinis in the pathogenesis of scleroderma, a chronic systemic disease of humans. One study isolated the bacteria from scleroderma patients.^[2] Another study found that injecting M. hyorhinis into mice induces a scleroderma-like autoimmune disease.^[3] However, more research is needed to confirm or refute the link between M. hyorhinis and scleroderma.

Treatment

Antibiotics are the treatment of choice.

References

^ Shats I, Williams JG, Li X (2020). "Bacteria Boost Mammalian Host NAD Metabolism by Engaging the Deamidated Biosynthesis Pathway". Cell Metabolism. 31 (3): 564–5791. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2020.02.001. PMC 7194078. PMID 32130883.
^ "New Strains of Mycoplasma Hyorhinis as Causative Agents for Autoimmune Disease".
^ Gavanescu, I; Pihan, G; Halilovic, E; Szomolanyi-Tsuda, E; Welsh, RM; Doxsey, S (2004). "Mycoplasma infection induces a scleroderma-like centrosome autoantibody response in mice". Clin Exp Immunol. 137 (2): 288–97. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2004.02535.x. PMC 1809115. PMID 15270845.

"Mycoplasma hyorhinis". Wikivet. Retrieved 13 September 2011.

External links

Type strain of Mycoplasma hyorhinis at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

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[pmid32130883-1] Shats I, Williams JG, Li X (2020). "Bacteria Boost Mammalian Host NAD Metabolism by Engaging the Deamidated Biosynthesis Pathway". Cell Metabolism. 31 (3): 564–5791. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2020.02.001. PMC 7194078. PMID 32130883.

[2] "New Strains of Mycoplasma Hyorhinis as Causative Agents for Autoimmune Disease".

[3] Gavanescu, I; Pihan, G; Halilovic, E; Szomolanyi-Tsuda, E; Welsh, RM; Doxsey, S (2004). "Mycoplasma infection induces a scleroderma-like centrosome autoantibody response in mice". Clin Exp Immunol. 137 (2): 288–97. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2004.02535.x. PMC 1809115. PMID 15270845.

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