In Greek mythology, Myrmex[a] (Ancient Greek: Μύρμηξ, romanized: Múrmēx, lit. 'ant'[1]) is a young maiden who became a favourite of the goddess Athena. Her story survives in the works of fifth-century AD Latin grammarian Maurus Servius Honoratus.
Etymology
editThe ancient Greek noun μύρμηξ means 'ant'[1] and is derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *morwi- which means the same thing.[2]
Mythology
editMyrmex was an Attican girl famed for her cleverness and her chastity, and for this reason she was loved by Athena, the virgin goddess of wisdom.[3]
When Demeter created crops, Athena wished to show the Atticans an effective way of sowing the fields, so she created the plough, with Myrmex by her side. But Myrmex stole some sheaves, and boastfully claimed that she herself had invented the plough, and that only through 'her' invention the crops could be put to use. Athena, heartbroken by the girl's betrayal, hated Myrmex as she had once loved her, and turned her into an ant, doomed to only be able to steal crops.[4] Zeus felt pity for her, so he honoured the ant, and when Aegina needed to be repopulated, he created a new race of men, the Myrmidons, out of transformed ants.[5][6]
Due to the language used about Athena loving Myrmex, some have taken it to mean that the myth has homosexual undertones.[7] Robert Graves theorized that Myrmex could be the name of some ancient Northern Greek mother-goddess who did invent the plough, and archaeology supports a claim for indigenous European invention.[8]
See also
edit
- Arachne
- Medusa
- Metamorphoses in Greek mythology
- Myrmidons, ants who became people
Footnotes
edit- ^ Servius spells her name as 'Myrmix', but the ancient Greek word for ant is μύρμηξ, with an eta.
References
edit- ^ a b Liddell & Scott s.v. μύρμηξ
- ^ Beekes 2010, p. 982.
- ^ Stassinopoulos 1999, p. 53.
- ^ Bell 1991, pp. 314-315.
- ^ Servius, Commentary on Virgil's Aeneid 4.402
- ^ Smith, s.v. Myrmex
- ^ Monaghan 2009, p. 423.
- ^ Stanley 1995, p. 13.
Bibliography
edit- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010). Lucien van Beek (ed.). Etymological Dictionary of Greek. Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series. Vol. ΙΙ. Leiden, the Netherlands: Brill Publications. ISBN 978-90-04-17419-1.
- Bell, Robert E. (1991). Women of Classical Mythology: A Biographical Dictionary. ABC-Clio. ISBN 9780874365818.
- Maurus Servius Honoratus. In Vergilii carmina comentarii. Servii Grammatici qui feruntur in Vergilii carmina commentarii; recensuerunt Georgius Thilo et Hermannus Hagen. Georgius Thilo. Leipzig. B. G. Teubner. 1881. Online version at the Topos Text Project.
- Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert (1940). A Greek-English Lexicon, revised and augmented throughout by Sir Henry Stuart Jones with the assistance of Roderick McKenzie. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Online version at Perseus.tufts project.
- Monaghan, Patricia (December 18, 2009). Encyclopedia of Goddesses and Heroines: Volume 1. ABC-Clio. ISBN 978-0-313-34989-8.
- Smith, William (1873). A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. London: John Murray: Spottiswoode and Co. Online version at the Perseus.tufts Project.
- Stanley, Autumn (1995). Mothers and Daughters of Invention: Notes for a Revised History of Technology. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press. ISBN 0-8135-2197-1.
- Stassinopoulos, Agapi (October 13, 1999). Conversations With the Goddesses. New York, USA: Harry N. Abrams. ISBN 9781556709425.