Naqadeh County (Persian: شهرستان نقده) is in West Azerbaijan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Naqadeh.[3]
Naqadeh County
Persian: شهرستان نقده | |
|---|---|
 Location of Naqadeh County in West Azerbaijan province (center left, pink) | |
 Location of West Azerbaijan province in Iran | |
| Coordinates: 37°03′N 45°27′E / 37.050°N 45.450°E[1] | |
| Country | Iran |
| Province | West Azerbaijan |
| Capital | Naqadeh |
| Districts | Central, Mohammadyar |
| Population (2016)[2] | |
| • Total | 127,671 |
| Time zone | UTC+3:30 (IRST) |
| Naqadeh County can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "9205916" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database". | |
Etymology
editNaqadeh is the current name of the county (and its main city). The former name, known as Solduz (also spelled Sulduz, in Kurdish: Sundus), in reference to the Mongol[4] Sulduz tribe, may have replaced an older name (now lost) during the reign of the Ilkhanid ruler Ghazan in 1303.[5]
History
editIn 1303, during the reign of Ilkhanid ruler Ghazan, the area comprising Naqadeh County was distributed in fiefs.[5] According to the orientalist Vladimir Minorsky (died 1966), citing the 16th-century Kurdish prince and writer Sharafkhan Bidlisi, during the rule of the Turkoman Aq Qoyunlu and Qara Qoyunlu (in about the 15th century), "i.e. Jong after the Čōbānīs had disappeared", the Kurds of the Mukri (Mokri) tribe occupied the county of Naqadeh, and its old inhabitants were most likely "reduced to servitude".[5] Minorsky, citing a mutilated and undated part of Bidlisi's work, narrates that a certain Budak of the Kurdish Baban tribe captured the county from the Qizilbash.[5] This event may refer to one of the abrupt outbursts of skirmishes which occurred on the Safavid frontier.[5]
In 1828, following the Treaty of Turkmenchay, Iranian crown prince Abbas Mirza handed over the territory of the county as a fief to 800 Turkic Qarapapaq families and these new settlers, in return, had to have 400 horsemen ready for disposal for the government. In this period, the county had a population of 4–5,000 of both Kurds and Muqaddam Shia Azerbaijanis. The town would gradually fall into the hands of the Azerbaijanis.[5][6] The state-supported Qarapapaq consolidated their power quickly by attacking the Mangur and Zerza tribes.[7]
By the early 20th century, the county consisted of 123 villages and small towns, which altogether numbered 8,000 families. The canton of Mamad-Shah is located in the southeastern-most corner of the county, the name of which is mentioned in the Sharafnama of Sharafkhan Bidlisi.[5] In the early 20th century, the inhabitants of this canton were members of the Turkic Shamsaddihlu tribe.[5] Members of the tribe had arrived in Qajar Iran with their chief Masi Beg, and were given 3 villages inhabited by 100 families of Kurdish peasants (raʿiyyat) by Abbas Mirza.[5]
In the early 20th century, Sunni Kurds belonging to the Mamash, Zarza and Mukri tribes numbered 2,000 families within the county, comprising a quarter of the counties' total population.[5] Ten villages within the county were entirely inhabited by these tribes (including Galvan, Vazneh, etc.) whereas eleven other villages (Chianeh, Naqadeh, Mameyand, etc.) were shared with the Qarapapaq.[5]
The county, like that of Oshnavieh, is recorded as a Nestorian bishopric, but by 1914, there were only 80 Christian families left in its main town of Naqadeh.[5] The Jews of the Naqadeh County, of which 120 families were located in the town of Naqadeh, were "probably the oldest element in the present population" of the county; virtually all have now emigrated to Israel.[5]
During the Ottoman occupation from 1908 to 1912, the Azerbaijani population suffered considerably as they were seen as Iranian agents.[5] The Ottomans attempted to destroy the tribal structure and free the rayah of the town. During World War I, the village of Haydarabad at Lake Urmia was turned into a Russian naval base, and a light railway was built through the county of Naqadeh. The territory that comprises the county would change hands between the Ottomans and the Russians in this period, until the Iranians took control in 1919.[5]
Demographics
editPopulation
editAt the time of the 2006 National Census, the county's population was 117,831 in 27,937 households.[8] The following census in 2011 counted 121,602 people in 33,684 households.[9] The 2016 census measured the population of the county as 127,671 in 37,481 households.[2]
Administrative divisions
editNaqadeh County's population history and administrative structure over three consecutive censuses are shown in the following table.
| Administrative Divisions | 2006[8] | 2011[9] | 2016[2] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Central District | 96,087 | 100,284 | 106,524 |
| Beygom Qaleh RD | 14,830 | 15,992 | 15,744 |
| Solduz RD | 8,282 | 8,742 | 9,182 |
| Naqadeh (city) | 72,975 | 75,550 | 81,598 |
| Mohammadyar District | 21,744 | 21,318 | 21,147 |
| Almahdi RD | 8,542 | 8,278 | 7,959 |
| Hasanlu RD | 5,184 | 4,436 | 3,875 |
| Mohammadyar (city) | 8,018 | 8,604 | 9,313 |
| Total | 117,831 | 121,602 | 127,671 |
| RD = Rural District | |||
Geography
editNaqadeh County is located to the south-west of Lake Urmia on the lower course of the Gadir-Chay river.[5] The county is bordered to the west by Oshnavieh County, to the north by Dol which belongs to Urmia County, and to the south and east by the Paswa and Shari-weran cantons of Mahabad County.[5]
See also
edit
Media related to Naqadeh County at Wikimedia Commons
References
edit- ^ OpenStreetMap contributors (26 September 2024). "Naqadeh County" (Map). OpenStreetMap (in Persian). Retrieved 26 September 2024.
- ^ a b c Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016): West Azerbaijan Province. amar.org.ir (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 30 August 2022. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
- ^ Habibi, Hassan (c. 2023) [Approved 21 June 1369]. Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the national divisions of West Azerbaijan province, centered in the city of Urmia. lamtakam.com (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Defense Political Commission of the Government Council. Notification 82808/T137. Archived from the original on 20 December 2023. Retrieved 20 December 2023 – via Lam ta Kam.
- ^ Minorsky, V. (1997). "Sulduz". In Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W. P. & Lecomte, G. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume IX: San–Sze. Leiden: E. J. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-10422-8.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Minorsky.
- ^ Potts, Daniel T. (2014). Nomadism in Iran: From Antiquity to the Modern Era. Oxford University Press. p. 274.
- ^ Mohséni (2018), p. 219.
- ^ a b Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006): West Azerbaijan Province. amar.org.ir (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
- ^ a b Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011): West Azerbaijan Province. irandataportal.syr.edu (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 January 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2022 – via Iran Data Portal, Syracuse University.
Sources
edit- Minorsky, "Suldūz", Encyclopedia of Islam, Second Edition, doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_7169
- Mohséni, Chirine (2018), Dorronsoro, Gilles; Grojean, Olivier (eds.), The Instrumentalization of Ethnic Conflict by the State The Azeri-Kurdish Conflict in Iran, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/oso/9780190845780.001.0001, ISBN 9780190845780