Chondrostoma (from the Ancient Greek roots χόνδρος (khondros) 'lump' + στόμα (stoma) 'mouth' = 'lump-mouth') is a genus of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. They are commonly known as nases, although this term is also used locally to denote particular species, most frequently the common nase (C. nasus). The common name refers to the protruding upper jaw of these fishes; it is derived from the German term Nase 'nose'.
| Nases | |
|---|---|
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| Common nase, C. nasus. Note mouth to the lower left of eye. | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Cypriniformes |
| Family: | Cyprinidae |
| Subfamily: | Leuciscinae |
| Genus: | Chondrostoma Agassiz, 1832 |
| Type species | |
| Cyprinus nasus | |
| Species | |
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See text | |
| Synonyms | |
Several species have a very restricted range. Some of these endemics are very rare nowadays, and at least one species is globally extinct.
Systematics
editIn 2007 it was determined that the presumed monophyletic group consisted of six at least partly independent lineages of Leuciscinae, meaning that the rasping feeding apparatus evolved more than once. It was proposed to split the genus in six in consequence: Achondrostoma, Chondrostoma, Iberochondrostoma, Pseudochondrostoma, Protochondrostoma and Parachondrostoma. But at least Achondrostoma and Iberochondrostoma may not be separable.[1]
Species
editThere are currently 24 recognized species in this genus:[2][3]
- Chondrostoma angorense Elvira, 1987 (Ankara nase)
- Chondrostoma beysehirense Bogutskaya, 1997 (Beysehir nase)
- Chondrostoma ceyhanensis Küçük, Turan, Güçlü, Mutlu & Çiftci, 2017
- Chondrostoma colchicum Derjugin, 1899 (Colchic nase)
- Chondrostoma cyri Kessler, 1877 (Kura nase)
- Chondrostoma esmaeilii Eagderi, Jouladeh-Roudbar, Birecikligil, Çiçek & Coad, 2017
- Chondrostoma fahirae (Ladiges, 1960) (Tefenni nase)
- Chondrostoma holmwoodii (Boulenger, 1896) (Izmir nase)
- Chondrostoma kinzelbachi Krupp, 1985 (Orentes nase)
- Chondrostoma knerii Heckel, 1843 (Dalmatian nase)
- Chondrostoma kubanicum L. S. Berg, 1914 (Kuban's nase)
- Chondrostoma meandrense Elvira, 1987 (Menderes nase)
- Chondrostoma nasus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Common nase, sneep)
- Chondrostoma orientale Bianco & Bănărescu, 1982
- Chondrostoma oxyrhynchum Kessler, 1877 (Terek nase)
- Chondrostoma phoxinus Heckel, 1843 (Minnow nase)
- Chondrostoma prespense S. L. Karaman, 1924 (Prespa nase)
- Chondrostoma regium (Heckel, 1843) (Mesopotamian nase)
- †Chondrostoma scodrense Elvira, 1987
- Chondrostoma smyrnae Küçük, Çiftçi, Güçlü & Turan, 2021[3]
- Chondrostoma soetta Bonaparte, 1840 (Italian nase)
- Chondrostoma toros Küçük, Turan, Güçlü, Mutlu & Çiftci, 2017
- Chondrostoma vardarense S. L. Karaman, 1928 (Vardar nase)
- Chondrostoma variabile Yakovlev, 1870 (Volga undermouth)
Footnotes
edit- ^ Gante et al. (2007), Robalo et al. (2008)
- ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Chondrostoma". FishBase. December 2012 version.
- ^ a b Küçük, Fahrettin; Çiftçi, Yılmaz; Güçlü, Salim Serkan; Turan, Davut (2021-07-04). "Chondrostoma smyrnae, a new nase from the Tahtalı reservoir drainage in the Aegean Sea basin (Teleostei, Leuciscidae)". Zoosystematics and Evolution. 97 (1): 235–248. doi:10.3897/zse.97.63691. ISSN 1860-0743.
References
edit- Gante, Hugo F.; Santos, Carlos D. & Alves, Maria Judite (2007): A new species of Chondrostoma Agassiz, 1832 (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) with sexual dimorphism from the lower Rio Tejo Basin. Zootaxa 1616: 23–35. PDF abstract
- Robalo, J.I; Doadrio, I.; Valente, A. & Almada, V.C. (2008): Insights on speciation patterns in the genus Iberochondrostoma (Cyprinidae): Evidence from mitochondrial and nuclear data.