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The National Defence Commission of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (NDC) was the highest state institution for military and national defence leadership in North Korea, which also served as the highest governing institution of the country from 1998 until 2016 when it was replaced by the State Affairs Commission.[1]
| 조선민주주의인민공화국 국방위원회 | |
 | |
| Commission overview | |
|---|---|
| Formed | 1972 |
| Dissolved | 2016 |
| Superseding Commission | |
| Jurisdiction | Government of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea |
| Commission executives |
|
| DPRK National Defence Commission | |
| Chosŏn'gŭl | 조선민주주의인민공화국 국방위원회 |
|---|---|
| Hancha | 朝鮮民主主義人民共和國國防委員會 |
| Revised Romanization | Joseon minjujuui inmin gonghwaguk gukbang wiwonhoe |
| McCune–Reischauer | Chosŏn minjujuŭi inmin konghwaguk kukpang wiwŏnhoe |
History
editThe National Defence Commission started as the National Defence Commission of the Central People's Committee of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (조선민주주의인민공화국 중앙인민위원회 국방위원회) which was created on 27 December 1972 by the 1972 Constitution as one of the commissions that were subordinate to the Central People's Committee.
The commission was separated from the Central People's Committee on 9 April 1992 through an amendment of the 1972 Constitution, and became the National Defence Commission of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. It was also designated as the "supreme military leadership institution of state power."
National Defense Commission was separated from the Central People's Committee (which was dissolved and replaced by the Cabinet) at the first session of the 10th convocation of the Supreme People's Assembly and became the highest governing institution in North Korea on 5 September 1998 through an amendment of the 1972 Constitution that abolished the office of President of North Korea. It was designated as the "supreme military leadership and overall national defence management institution of state power." Since an amendment of the 1972 Constitution on 9 April 2009, the National Defence Commission was designated as the "supreme national defence leadership institution of state power."
The National Defence Commission continued to be the highest leadership body in North Korea until 29 June 2016 when an amendment to the 1972 Constitution created the State Affairs Commission of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (조선민주주의인민공화국 국무위원회), which was designated as the new highest leadership body in the country, with the National Defence Commission being disbanded to be convened only during times of war.[citation needed]
Functions
editThe 1972 Constitution mandated the National Defence Commission to be one of the commissions that are subordinate to the Central People's Committee in order to assist it in its work.
The 1992 amendment to the 1972 Constitution separated the National Defence Commission from the Central People's Committee and was designated the following functions as the "supreme military leadership institution of state power":
- Guide the overall armed forces and defense-building work of the State
- Appoint or dismiss key military officials
- Institute military ranks and promote officers above the general-grade officer rank
- Proclaim a state of emergency and mobilization order
- Issue decisions and orders
The 1998 amendment to the 1972 Constitution made the National Defence Commission as the highest governing institution in North Korea and was designated the following functions as the "supreme military leadership and overall national defence management institution of state power":
- Direct the whole armed forces and defence upbuilding of the State
- Establish or abolish central bodies in the field of national defence
- Appoint or remove important military cadres
- Enact military ranks and confer military ranks higher than a general
- Proclaim a state of war and mobilization order in the country
- Issue orders and decisions
The 2009 amendment to the 1972 Constitution relegated the National Defence Commission to a supervisory role as certain powers were introduced for the chairman of the National Defence Commission. The following functions were mandated for the National Defence Commission as the "supreme national defence leadership institution of state power":
- Establish important policies of the state for carrying out the military-first revolutionary line
- Guide the overall armed forces and defense-building work of the state
- Supervise the status of executing the orders of the chairman of the National Defence Commission of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and the decisions and directives of the National Defence Commission, and establish relevant measures
- Rescind the decisions and directives of state organs that run counter to the orders of the chairman of the National Defence Commission of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and to the decisions and directives of the National Defence Commission
- Establish or abolish central organs of the national defense sector
- Institute military titles and confer military titles above the general grade officer rank
- Issue decisions and directives
The National Defence Commission is responsible to the Supreme People's Assembly.
As a defense issues guider and coordinator, the security organizations in North Korea are subordinate to the Commission and among them are the Korean People's Army, the Ministry of People's Armed Forces and the Ministry of State Security and the Ministry of Social Security.
Organization
editFrom 1972 until 2012, the National Defence Commission consisted of a chairman, first vice chairman, vice chairmen and members.
The Chairman of the National Defence Commission was the head of the commission, and was the de facto highest official in North Korea from 1998 until 2009 and the de jure supreme leader of North Korea from 2009 until 2012. The chairman of the National Defence Commission also served as the supreme commander of the Korean People's Army. From 1972 until 1992, the President was the ex officio chairman of the National Defence Commission. Since 1992, the chairman of the National Defence Commission was no longer required to be the President and was elected by the Supreme People's Assembly.
The first vice chairman, the vice chairmen and the members of the National Defence Commission were elected by the Supreme People's Assembly based on the proposal of the President from 1972 until 1992, and by the chairman of the National Defence Commission from 1992 until 2012.
In 2012, the position of chairman of the National Defence Commission was replaced by the First Chairman of the National Defence Commission following an amendment to the 1972 Constitution that enshrined Kim Jong Il as eternal chairman of the National Defence Commission after his death in 2011. The same amendment also mandated that the National Defence Commission also consisted of vice chairmen and members, which were elected by the Supreme People's Assembly based on the proposal of the first chairman of the National Defence Commission.
Among the departments that are known in the NDC were:[2]
- Administration Department
- Foreign Affairs Department
- Reconnaissance General Bureau
- Policy Department
Security agencies and organizations that subordinated to the Commission:
Members
editThe following are the members of the National Defence Commission at the time of its dissolution on 29 June 2016:
| First Chairman of the National Defence Commission | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| First Chairman | Political party | Member since | ||
|
Kim Jong Un 김정은 (Born 1984) |
Workers' Party of Korea | 11 April 2012[3] | |
| Vice Chairman of the National Defence Commission | ||||
| Vice Chairman | Political party | Member since | ||
|
|
Ri Yong-mu 리용무 (1925-2022) |
Workers' Party of Korea | 5 September 1998 | |
|
|
O Kuk-ryol 오극렬 (1930-2023) |
Workers' Party of Korea | 19 February 2009 | |
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|
Hwang Pyong-so 황병서 (Born 1949) |
Workers' Party of Korea | 25 September 2014 | |
| Member of the National Defence Commission | ||||
| Member | Political party | Member since | ||
|
|
Kim Won-hong 김원홍 (born 1945) |
Workers' Party of Korea | 13 April 2012 | |
|
|
Choe Pu-il 최부일 (Born 1944) |
Workers' Party of Korea | 9 April 2014 | |
|
|
Jo Chun-ryong 조춘룡 |
Workers' Party of Korea | 9 April 2014 | |
|
|
Ri Pyong-chol 리병철 (Born 1948) |
Workers' Party of Korea | 25 September 2014 | |
|
|
Kim Chun-sop 김춘섭 |
Workers' Party of Korea | 9 April 2015 | |
See also
edit
References
edit- ^ Socialist Constitution of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea 2016, Article 106.
- ^ CORI Country ReportDemocratic People’s Republic of Korea, October 2012, p. 13
- ^ Sang-Hun, Choe (11 April 2012). "As Rocket Launching Nears, North Korea Continues Shift to New 'Supreme Leader'". The New York Times. Retrieved 2023-09-18.
Per note at end of NYT article: 'An earlier version of this article incorrectly stated the day on which North Korea had elevated Kim Jong-un to chairman of the Workers' Party's central military commission and granted him membership in the Politburo and its presidium. It was on Wednesday (11 April), not Thursday (12 April).'
- Kirby, Michael Donald; Biserko, Sonja; Darusman, Marzuki (7 February 2014). "Report of the detailed findings of the commission of inquiry on human rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea - A/HRC/25/CRP.1". Archived from the original on Feb 27, 2014.
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Further reading
edit- Robbers, Gerhard (2007). "North Korea: The National Defense Commission". Encyclopedia of world constitutions. Infobase Publishing. p. 490. ISBN 978-0-8160-6078-8.