The National Socialist Movement of Norway (Norwegian: Norges Nasjonalsosialistiske Bevegelse, NNSB), formerly Zorn 88,[1] was a Norwegian neo-Nazi[2] group with an estimated 150 members, led by Erik Rune Hansen until his death in 2004.[3] Founded in 1988, it was a secretive group with tight membership regulation.[4]
Ideology and activities
editThe NNSB expressed admiration for Adolf Hitler and Vidkun Quisling,[5] and was focused on historical revisionism and antisemitism,[2] particularly Holocaust denial.[1] It published the magazine Gjallarhorn,[1] and in 1999 published The Protocols of the Elders of Zion.[6] Other recurrent topics included racial hygiene, Norse religion,[4] the occult, UFOs,[3] and the white genocide conspiracy theory.[5] Several of its members were active Nazis as front fighters and members of Nasjonal Samling during World War II.[2][7] The group had ties to Erik Blücher and the magazine Folk og Land,[7] and to Varg Vikernes.[8] It was part of international networks along with the World Union of National Socialists,[4] the National Socialist Movement of Denmark, the Swedish National Socialist Front, and Blood & Honour.[9][10] Along with Scandinavian groups it took part in celebrations and memorials to Adolf Hitler and Rudolf Hess.[11]
In November 2007, a memorial ceremony at the German war cemetery in Oslo was attacked by anti-fascists, leaving five NNSB-members wounded, one severely.[12] The NNSB pledged that it had no intentions of retaliating the attack.[13] The group was eventually dissolved later the same year.[3]
References
edit- ^ a b c Søderlind, Didrik (3 March 2005). "Holocaust-benektelse på norsk". forskning.no (in Norwegian).
- ^ a b c "nynazisme". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). 28 April 2015.
- ^ a b c "Zorn 88 / NNSB". Redox (in Danish). Retrieved 16 July 2023.
- ^ a b c "Aller Ytterst – de rasistiske grupperinger i dagens Norge". Vepsen (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 21 September 2020.
- ^ a b "Nazi-miljø på Hadeland". NRK (in Norwegian). 23 October 2007.
- ^ Lunde, Henrik (6 October 2011). "Nynazisme". Norwegian Center for Studies of Holocaust and Religious Minorities (in Norwegian).
- ^ a b "Nazisekt adresse Haugesund". Haugesunds Avis (in Norwegian). 10 April 2002.
- ^ "Sort metall - hvite krigere". Monitor (in Norwegian). Retrieved 16 July 2023.
- ^ "Norske nazi-forbindelser til bankranerne". VG (in Norwegian). 1 June 1999.
- ^ "Fører i nytt nazi-nettverk?". VG (in Norwegian). 2 June 1999.
- ^ "Samling under Blüchers vinger". Monitor (in Norwegian). Retrieved 16 July 2023.
- ^ "- Angrep med balltre og bajonetter". Aftenposten (in Norwegian). 11 November 2007.
- ^ "Ventet på nazistene". Aftenposten (in Norwegian). 20 November 2007.